Modern summer cottages and suburban areas unthinkable without convenience. Electricity, sewerage and running water are now available in almost every one of them. Most of the construction work on laying networks can be done independently. For example, to provide water, a do-it-yourself water supply scheme in a private house will help.

Making a scheme

The water supply in a private house can be conditionally divided into two parts: an external main and internal wiring to consumption points. Water can be supplied from several sources:

• well;
• well;
• operating main water supply.

Inside the house, water supply to such objects should be provided:

• kitchen sinks;
• toilet bowls;
• baths;
• wash basins;
• shower cabins;
• bath rooms;
• conclusions for watering the garden or garden.

The water supply scheme of a private house should take into account all the nuances of the location and place of water intake, as well as the location of the pipes entering the premises and tracing inside to consumption points.

Depending on the number of consumers and their location, internal wiring can be carried out in two ways:

• sequential;
• collector.

With a serial scheme, consumers are connected to the network through tees mounted on a single main pipe. This option is suitable for small houses with the minimum amount subscribers. It turns out economically and simply, but the pressure in the remote area and on upper floors when using several taps at the same time, it is noticeably reduced.

Plumbing in a private house with a large number of points of consumption or with their location on the second floor, it is desirable to equip the second option. The collector circuit involves the connection of the so-called "combs" - collectors. In this case, each subscriber is powered from his output personally. In this case, the pressure is the same everywhere, but, of course, the cost of the water supply system will be higher, since a separate outlet to each consumer is required.

It is advisable to mount two collectors in the water supply system: separately for distributing hot and cold water.

Inside the new house or in its basement, it will be necessary to allocate and equip a separate room or place in which it will be necessary to install a water supply management system. It includes:

• node of input of an external highway;
• pumping station;
• hydraulic accumulator;
• collectors;
• stop valves- cranes;
• boiler.

Tip: "It is convenient to install a water distribution system in the boiler room if there is enough free space."

After the scheme for laying the water supply network is finally thought out and executed in the form of a drawing on paper, and this is very useful in further work, we proceed to the installation of mounting holes.

IN wooden house an electric drill with the desired diameter of the drill or crown will help with this, and in stone - a puncher. Particular attention should be paid to laying the main pipe. In the place of its passage from the street into the room, a piece of a metal pipe should be laid - a kind of coupling through which water should be laid. Subsequently, the gap between them is sealed with mounting foam. The same metal glasses are also laid when making holes in the interroom and interfloor passages.

Do-it-yourself plumbing installation

After the water distribution scheme in a private house has been drawn up and all the nuances have been taken into account, it's time to start planning the purchase of the necessary materials and equipment. We will need two sets: for an external connection device and for distributing water supply pipes inside a private house.

Types of pipes depending on the material

In a modern autonomous water supply system, several types of pipes are used:

• metal: copper or steel;
• polypropylene;
• from metal-plastic;
• from low pressure polyethylene - HDPE.

Copper pipes are the most expensive, but have many advantages. They are practically resistant to corrosion, they are not affected by harmful radiation and temperature changes. Self-assembly of such material can only be performed by a specialist. Steel pipes gradually go out of fashion. Laying a water supply from them is really only for an experienced welder. It is no coincidence that old iron water pipes are being replaced with plastic ones.

Polypropylene is the most common material for laying domestic plumbing today. Such pipes are used both for the external main and for arranging the internal water supply network. Here, the differences are only in diameter. Welding of joints is carried out with a special apparatus, which can be purchased or rented at a hardware store. You will also need a cutter to make cuts of the desired length.

For distributing hot water, special heat-resistant products are chosen.

Metal-plastic is a symbiosis of aluminum and plastic. Assembling a water pipe from this material will not require anything other than wrenches and a cutter. Minus - do not withstand high: over 95 ° C, and low: below -5 ° C, temperatures. As a result, such pipes are not used as external piping. HDPE pipes are assembled manually on couplings, similar to metal-plastic installation. They are mainly used for organizing an external highway.

Pipe diameter

When planning your water supply, decide what diameter of pipes will be used, the throughput of the entire system will depend on this. Usually guided by the value of the speed of passage of water, which should be at least 2 m / s.

Here is a brief table of the dependence of the optimal pipe diameter on the length of the network:

• up to 10 m - 15 mm;
• 10-15 m - 20 mm;
• 15-30 m - 25 mm;
• over 30 m - 32 mm.

Welding of polypropylene pipes

If a water pipe made of metal-plastic and HDPE is assembled by tightening special nuts on corners, taps and other fittings, then a special apparatus for welding them will help to make wiring from polypropylene pipes. Work is carried out in the following sequence:

1. Adapters-heaters of the required diameter are inserted into the apparatus.
2. The pipes are cut into segments of the required length, the connecting elements are prepared: couplings, angles, taps, tees, etc.
3. The joints are degreased, for this it is convenient to use special alcohol wipes.
4. On the turned on device, the heating mode recommended in the documentation for polypropylene is set.
5. When the indicator on the device goes out, signaling the optimal heating for welding, a pipe section and a docking element should be placed on different sides of the device.
6. After holding for a few seconds (according to the instructions), the elements of the water supply are removed and firmly pressed against each other. The time of heating and holding in a stationary state depends on the thickness of the pipe and is always indicated in the instructions for the device.

It is better to carry out work with an assistant, and put a thermal insulating material under the apparatus to protect the floor from high temperatures.

Plumbing in the house

Pipe laying around the house starts from consumption points to the input node or collectors. Installation is carried out using special clips or other fastenings to the walls. At the same time, they maintain an optimal gap from structures of 20-25 mm. To ensure the laying and optimal operation of pipelines, various plumbing fittings are used:

• corners;
• fitting;
• couplings;
• cranes;
• tees.

We connect the pumping station to the internal water supply

When using a well, water is supplied to the house by an automatic system consisting of several important elements:

• pump;
• water storage - hydraulic accumulator;
• control automation.

If all the elements are assembled into a single mechanism, we have a pumping station in front of us. It has fittings:

• to obtain water from a well or well;
• for supplying water to the internal network.

When the station is turned on, the pump pumps water into the accumulator. When a certain pressure is reached, the automation switches off the pump.

When the water is consumed, the pressure gradually drops to a certain value, after which the automation restarts the pump.

Tip: “When connecting the station, do not forget to put shut-off valves at the inlet and outlet to consumers. This will help to cut off the apparatus for repair work.

Hydroaccumulator - what is it and why is it needed

The second version of the water supply is spaced. In this case, the pump is used of a submersible type and is located in a well or well. At the same time, only a hydraulic accumulator and automation are installed in the distribution unit. The advantages of this system are its low noise level and the ability to use a large capacity hydraulic accumulator. A hydraulic accumulator, as the name implies, accumulates water and ensures that it is at elevated pressure.

This is what allows you to supply liquid to any point of the water supply. Inside the battery there is a rubber chamber, into which water is supplied by a pump, and around it in a metal cylinder - air. By pumping water into the chamber, the pump compresses the air in the cylinder. When the tap is opened, the pressure drops due to the fact that the air gap squeezes water out of the chamber.

Water filters

To protect the system from mechanical impurities, a coarse filter is mounted at a distance of 50-100 cm from the pumping station or hydraulic accumulator. It is a glass with a filter element. It is easy to control its pollution, everything is clearly visible through the transparent wall.

Installing the collector and boiler

After the filter, other water supply units are installed. First, a tee is mounted, dividing the flow into two parts:

• cold water collector;
• line leading to the boiler.

After the boiler, a second collector is installed, designed to separate the streams of heated water.

The system is equipped with stopcocks, and in the hot water supply line they are also mounted safety valve and expansion tank. The device of a water supply system in a private house is difficult only at first glance. Having thoroughly understood the process, it is easy to do all the work with your own hands, without involving masters from outside. This will not only save money, but will also become a separate pride of the owner.

If the source of water is a well or a shallow well, then the water supply system of the house must contain:

• Pumping plant. It supplies water from the source and maintains the pressure in the system within the specified limits.
• Hydraulic accumulator. Prevents rapid pressure drop when the valve is opened. Reduces the number of starts of the pumping unit.
• Cleaning station. It is possible that the water will not be of drinking quality, which is checked laboratory analysis in SES. And if the water quality is acceptable, then simpler filters will be needed.

If the public water supply is the source of water for a private house, then a treatment station, a hydraulic accumulator and a pump will not be needed. Of course, there are networks that give water barely and not of high quality. Then you will have to supplement the typical scheme for a stationary water supply with additional equipment.

Plumbing schemes inside the house

There are two schemes for piping inside the house:


• consistent
• Parallel.

With a serial scheme, consumers are connected to one pipeline in series. This connection has significant disadvantage. If all points of water intake consume water, then the last consumer will have the smallest pressure, and he will receive the least water.

Therefore, such a scheme is not used with a long common pipeline and a large number of consumers that can work simultaneously.
But this the simplest circuit with a minimum length of pipes.

The parallel scheme provides for the installation of a short collector pipe, from which long pipelines depart, each to its own consumer (or to a small group of consumers). This is a more popular option, since all consumers will have approximately the same water pressure, even if the neighboring one takes water.



But it is possible to single out something intermediate between these two schemes, either a very short “serial” pipeline (up to 3 meters), or a very long collector. And this scheme is working and popular. The pressure drop in a short pipeline is not so significant as to cause discomfort.

This scheme is possible when all consumers are concentrated in a small area, for example, the kitchen is located through the wall from the bathroom, boiler room, toilet. This is the layout found in many apartments.

And the concentration of water consumers in a small area has its own meaning, because the sewerage systems in the water supply system as a whole are reduced and simplified. And most importantly, the length of the hot pipeline is reduced, and one boiler is also used.

A short hot water supply pipe significantly saves energy and water, and increases the comfort of using hot water. Therefore, the layout of the house is often done in such a way as to ensure minimum distances from the boiler to the kitchen sink, bathroom, shower and other points of hot water intake.

Typical plumbing scheme for the house

Now consider a typical water supply scheme for a house under difficult conditions - the source of water is a well or a well.


• 1. The pumping unit can be surface or submersible. Surface installation, depending on the distance of the water source from the house, can be located either in the house or near the source in a special building. It is important to have a coarse filter on the suction and a check valve.
• 2. The pipeline from the source is laid below the level of soil freezing. Installation options in permafrost with electric cable heating are not recommended.
  The slope of the pipeline is 0.5% towards the source. The pipeline is brought into the house through the foundation in the sleeve, where it is carefully sealed with cement.

  

• 3. An inlet valve is installed on the pipeline, after which an emergency drain into the sewer is arranged, as well as filters for mechanical water purification.
• 4. A hydraulic accumulator and pump operation control equipment are connected to the pipeline, depending on the pressure in the system. Here you can find some information about.
• 5. After the equipment relay, it is recommended to make a branch to process water, for example, for washing a car, etc.
  (if you plan a large flow of technical water, then it is better to install a storage tank in the attic (insulated). Water is supplied to it by outlet directly after the mechanical filter. Then it will be possible to fill the drive by manually operating the pump, having previously blocked the supply to the house).
• 6. After the tee, water purification stations should be installed on process water. A set of cleanings is selected for specific water. Perhaps there will be such an option: removal of iron and manganese salts, removal of excess calcium (water hardness), then biology using ultraviolet light. But perhaps all this will not be needed, since the water will be drinkable.
• 7. Then the prepared water enters the cold collector, from which the wiring goes to the water intake points, for example:
  - heating tank;
  - toilet;
  - sink;
  - sink;
  - bathroom;
  - shower;
  - washing machine;
  - Dishwasher;

An emergency repair valve is installed on each outlet from the collector.

From the heating tank, which includes a non-return valve and an emergency drain, water enters the hot collector, from which it is diluted to the sink, sink, shower, bath.

Pipe materials

Now, for wiring inside the house, mainly polypropylene pipes are used. You just need to pay attention that polypropylene pipes for hot water supply have thicker walls and are equipped with reinforcement (PN25 marking). Pipes and PN20 are suitable for cold water supply.



• Metal-plastic pipes are distinguished by not entirely reliable connections with fittings, low mechanical strength, therefore, they are not entirely suitable for complex wiring.
• Copper pipes are rarely used because of their high cost.
• Steel pipes cannot compete with plastic in any way.

What diameter pipe for the water supply to choose

The choice of pipe diameter must be determined by hydraulic calculation. But such a complicated calculation comes down to the same results when we are talking about home use. The calculation is very complicated, so they simply ignore it and use the developed options.

The usual water flow through one tap is 5 - 6 l / min. Therefore, all wiring in the house is carried out with polypropylene pipes with an outer diameter of 20 mm, which is suitable in terms of throughput for connecting several simultaneously operating consumers, with a pipeline length of up to 10 meters.

(This pipe is similar in capacity to ½ inch metal pipe, or 16mm multilayer pipe)

But with a significant increase in length, the hydraulic resistance of the pipe also increases. It also increases with an increase in the number of turns, branches. Depending on the length, the following diameters (external) of a polypropylene pipe are suitable for the usual water consumption of a house or apartment.


• Length up to 10 meters - pipes 20 mm.
• Length 10 - 30 meters - pipes 25 mm.
• Length more than 30 meters - pipes 32 mm.

A 25 mm pipe flows approximately 30 liters/min. without much increase in hydraulic resistance, if its length does not exceed 10 meters. Thus, a short manifold of 25 mm pipe provides 5 simultaneous taps.

Pipe 32 mm - 50 liters / min.
Pipe 38 mm - 75 liters / min.

For calculation, 4 simultaneously working consumers are usually taken - washing machine, dishwasher, shower, toilet, faucet.

The water conduit to the house is usually made with a pipe of 25 - 38 mm, depending on its length, technical recommendations for the pumping unit and the accepted volume of the accumulator.

As you can see, there is nothing difficult in installing plumbing for a house. Questions on choosing a pump, its installation and connection, setting up automation, selecting a hydraulic accumulator, can be mastered as they become available, or you can invite a qualified specialist to solve them. And drilling walls, soldering polypropylene pipes, you can do it yourself.



But before doing this, you need to draw in detail a pipeline diagram indicating all lengths and fittings. Even the simplest pipeline should not be taken without a scheme.

Before soldering the pipeline, mark on the wall (floor, ceiling) how it will be placed, where the fittings will be located, where the transitions through the wall should be, re-measure the distances and determine the lengths of the pipes, taking into account the soldering in the fittings. This will reduce the likelihood of marriage and errors and greatly speed up the work.

Video about the installation of plumbing in a private house.

Plumbing in an apartment, along with electrical wiring and gas communications, is one of the most important elements for ensuring a comfortable stay for residents. Therefore, if it becomes necessary to replace old pipes or install new ones, this task should be taken seriously.

Water distribution, although not an easy task, is quite feasible if you have certain knowledge and skills. If the work is done by hand, you will need to find answers to many questions and accept right decisions organization of plumbing. This article will discuss the main methods of wiring, the choice of materials for pipes, and also give instructions for installing the pipeline.

Choosing a water distribution method

When creating a wiring, there is an alternative: install a hidden pipeline or lay communications in an open way. For small rooms, the issue can be considered critical, since the location of pipes on top of the walls will lead to a reduction in usable area in the room. As a result, due to lack of space, furniture or household appliances may not fit.

If the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room allows, you can choose any wiring method. However, it is important to take into account a number of technical nuances. For example, it is impossible to lay any butt joints of pipelines into the walls: compression fittings, threaded couplings, nipples, American women - all such elements must be on the surface, they must have free access in case of repair work. It is allowed to lay copper, polypropylene and metal-plastic pipes with press-type connections in the walls.

Hidden installation of water supply with copper pipes

Advantages of hidden wiring:

1. A more aesthetic appearance of the room, not overloaded with the type of communications.
2. Pipes do not interfere with the arrangement of furniture and household appliances.
3. In the event of a fire, hidden plumbing is likely to remain.

Disadvantages of concealed wiring:

1. The choice of materials for concealed installation is limited, since any collapsible elements are not suitable for this purpose.
2. The preparatory stage is laborious, since it is not easy to ditch the walls - it requires a lot of effort and time.
3. Installation work is also difficult, since pipes must be laid exactly in the strobe, and if this fails, the strobe must be expanded.
4. To carry out pipes, it will be necessary to remove facing materials and plaster.
5. It is often possible to detect a leak in a hidden wiring only after the water has entered the neighbor's apartment.
6. It will not be possible to carry out preventive inspections of hidden communications.
7. There is a risk of accidental damage to the pipeline when carrying out any work on the wall surface (for example, when drilling holes).

Advantages open way installations compared to closed:

1. Installation of any type of pipes is possible, without any restrictions.
2. The installation process is less time consuming, as there is no need for chasing.
3. Installation of a water supply system is not so complicated, since there is no binding to the strobes.
4. Removing pipes is also much easier than with a walled system.
5. Control over the state of the pipeline is possible at any time.
6. Leaks immediately make themselves felt in puddles on the floor.
7. The system can be improved and supplemented with new elements.

Disadvantages of open wiring:

• not very attractive appearance of open pipes (although there is an option with camouflage boxes that can be adapted to the design of the room);
• reduction of usable area;
• fire hazard .

Water distribution scheme

Proper wiring design is the most important issue in arranging a water supply system. For example, we can cite a situation where, due to an incorrect scheme, during a shower, too hot water suddenly starts to flow due to the fact that someone turned on the water in the kitchen or flushed the tank in the toilet. To avoid such troubles, you need to choose the right wiring diagram and the diameters of the water supply elements.

Two main wiring schemes are used. There is also a combined scheme, where a combination of two possible options is used.

Serial scheme for connecting water supply units

The sequential circuit (another name is “tee”) consists in serial connection all points of consumption. In the described case, one pipe departs from the main water supply immediately to all consumers. A tee is installed next to each consumption point, from which a local pipe is diverted. Disadvantage of the system: if several consumers use the system at the same time, the pressure in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe last tee will be the lowest.

The collector circuit is based on a different principle: the pipe is connected to the main and sent to the collector, from which separate branches of the water supply diverge to consumers (i.e. one to the water heater, another to the boiler, etc.). At the same time, there are ball valves in front of the collector inlet and at the outlets. Thus, it becomes possible to carry out repair work on each pipe separately, while the system as a whole will retain its functionality. In addition, the pressure in such a system is approximately the same in all its parts.

Scheme of plumbing in the bathroom of the apartment

The collector scheme also has disadvantages. Such a system is more material-intensive - you will need more components, including pipes, taps, fittings, and more space for its placement. Naturally, such wiring will cost more than serial wiring.

Below is a diagram of the installation of filters to ensure proper water quality for different points of consumption.

The choice of the plumbing scheme is also influenced by the wiring diagram in the building as a whole. For example, if the main line enters the bathroom, and the return line enters the kitchen, it is recommended to make serial connections in the kitchen, but in the bathroom you can make the wiring at your discretion.

The scheme of water purification in the apartment

Pipe selection

For plumbing, the following pipe options can be used:

Do-it-yourself wiring organization

We draw up a water distribution scheme

First of all, we stop the choice on a specific type of wiring (open, hidden). Then we draw a diagram, where we indicate all the details of the wiring:

• room size;
• installation locations and dimensions of appliances, as well as plumbing fixtures;
• pipe diameter;
• node sizes;
• indicate all fittings, as well as their variety, size, installation location;
• places of bends and turns of the water supply, etc.

Advice! Before proceeding with the installation work, it is recommended to show the diagram to specialists.

Choosing the Right Materials

The cost of the work will be affected by the selected materials, the type of wiring (open, hidden), its scheme (tee, collector). Polypropylene and metal-plastic water pipes are considered the best option. Systems made of copper and polypropylene pipes are expensive, but they are characterized by maximum quality.

It is recommended to start dismantling the old system only after purchasing everything you need. If the plans include not only replacing the water pipes in the apartment, but also the supply line, you will need to turn off the water supply in the riser. To solve this problem, you need to contact the appropriate operating organization.

Metal-plastic plumbing

As an example, we will analyze the process of installing a pipeline made of metal-plastic. The installation of metal-plastic pipes is carried out in one of two ways: press fittings (open or concealed laying) or compression fittings (only for open laying).

Instructions for the correct installation of pipes with compression fittings:

• remove the chamfer from the pipe with a calibrator;
• put a nut on the pipe;
• install the ring
• we put a fitting;
• crimp the fitting with open-end wrenches.

Note! Connections should be tightened at least once a year.

Installation instructions for pipes with press fittings:

• cut the pipe to the desired size;
• do the calibration;
• connect the pipe to the fitting;
• we do the pressing.

Note! The pipe must be level, at least 5-7 centimeters in front of the fitting.

After installing the water supply, you need to check it for leaks with a special device under high pressure. Only after making sure that the connections are reliable, it is possible to commission the system.

Before any overhaul careful advance planning is required. Plumbing deserves special attention. Installation errors lead to serious troubles, up to a global restructuring of communications. Before starting work, you should decide on the type of wiring, necessary materials and learn the basic rules of the assembly process.

The main types of plumbing systems

Depending on how communications are available for repair, the following types of systems are distinguished:

In the second case, it is rather difficult to find out about the leak that has arisen - usually the neighbors from below are the first to notice this, if any.

Failure of a closed system may result in the destruction or deformation of the outer coating.

Delivery of water to the consumer from the main pipeline can be carried out in several ways:

• collector water supply - a method of parallel connection, in which each element has its own connection to the collector;
• tee scheme - all elements are connected to a common line in series through tees.

The manifold scheme, as well as the tee distribution of water supply, has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Features of the tee scheme

The essence of this method of distributing the water supply system is the serial connection of the elements of plumbing communications in the apartment, that is, one pipeline leads from the riser, to which other devices that consume water are connected through tees.

Advantages of the tee method:

• cost savings - the number of connecting fittings is reduced to a minimum;
• simple installation work.

The method has its drawbacks:

• difficult search for leaks due to the large number of connections;
• high probability of a change in the pressure level of the system, and consequently a decrease in the current pressure of water in pipelines remote from the riser;
• when repairing, it is required to turn off the entire water supply;
• inconvenient installation of water supply in the apartment, when the room has a small area.

Several nearby points of consumption reduce the risk of pressure surges. During installation, as a rule, a hidden installation of tees is chosen, which makes it difficult to inspect and repair communications.

Features of the collector circuit

The collector scheme for distributing water supply pipes in an apartment allows you to connect a decent number of consumption points without lowering the pressure in each. This method involves the parallel connection of elements to the collector by means of a personal outlet with a valve.

The advantages of this connection method:

• simple troubleshooting;
• constant value of pressure on all connected equipment;
• high reliability due to the small number of connections;
• aesthetic appearance it is ensured by the fact that the connection lines can be simply hidden in special boxes or niches;
• the ability to turn off the water supply on a separate branch in order to repair the plumbing system in the apartment.

The disadvantages of the method include:

• for laying the system it is necessary to purchase a large number of connecting fittings;
• installation complexity.

Collector water supply optimizes the operation of all water supply consumer devices.

A filter and a pressure regulator can be installed on any individual outlet, if desired.

Necessary equipment

Typical plumbing wiring consists of a number of mandatory elements necessary for the normal operation of communications. Most of them are located in a plumbing cabinet, which, in turn, is mounted next to the line entry area.

A standard plumbing device in an apartment includes the following list of necessary elements:

• Indigenous shut-off valves - used to separate networks from common brownies. The element performs two tasks - opening and blocking the flow of water. In most cases, a conventional ball valve from a trusted manufacturer is sufficient.
  
• Regulating devices - pressure reducers, as well as check valves. The task of the former is to limit the pressure of the local network and protect against water hammer.
  
  
  Check valves are used to set the direction of water flow. The device prevents the liquid from draining into the line, as well as stopping its supply.
  
• Collectors distributors - any collector water supply system of a private house contains this element. Structurally, the models differ in the number of outlets (at least 2) and the diameter of the nozzles.
  
• Filtration units - include coarse and fine filters, as well as a hydromagnetic system (transfers part of the impurities from water into colloidal suspensions).
  
• Metering devices - a specific model and installation method are agreed with management company. The meters, depending on the type, are manufactured with universal or horizontal mounting.
  
• Pressure gauges - it is recommended to install at the inlet and after the filters. Pressure surges can be used to diagnose the wear of screens or cartridges.
  
• Connecting fittings - the successful laying of water supply pipes in an apartment requires experience and preliminary calculations.

Additionally, emergency equipment for protection against leaks can be mounted. Such equipment is carried out either with a mechanical or electromechanical drive.

How to draw a water supply scheme in an apartment?

First you need to decide on the connection method - serial or parallel laying of communications. After that, it is necessary to compile a list of all devices that are planned to be included in it. A well-designed diagram will help to accurately calculate the footage of pipes and the number of different fittings. In addition, installation time is significantly reduced, and the risk of errors is reduced.

Specialists in the calculation of schemes use specialized standards. If possible, it is recommended to order work from professionals, but if necessary, you can draw up a scheme yourself. In the final plan, the following items must be indicated:

• location of water pipes;
• stop valves;
• direction of water flow;
• emergency valves and drains;
• parsing points indicating each consumer;
• metering devices;
• backup branches and equipment.

Pipeline calculation

Before you make the piping in the apartment, you should calculate the diameter of the pipeline, which depends on the maximum pressure at the end point. The calculation is based on the following factors:

• the minimum allowable pressure value at the end user is 0.3 atm;
• each meter of a plastic pipe (diameter 16 mm) loses 0.05 atm;
• each fitting and armature reduces pressure by 0.15 atm;
• 0.25 atm is lost in the accounting node.

An excessively small diameter can cause turbulence in the water flow.

At a remote point, a double margin should be provided. The pressure on the riser can be read from the pressure gauge, which is usually installed in the basement of the building. Each floor of the building reduces the value by about 0.6 atm. Some high-rise buildings are equipped with a separate riser for separate groups of floors. All figures given are approximate and directly depend on the specific model of equipment.

Typical installation errors

Installing a water pipe in an apartment with your own hands in accordance with all modern standards is quite a difficult task for a non-specialist. To avoid most mistakes, professionals recommend:

• put shut-off valves at the inlet to each branch of the system and in front of plumbing equipment;
• insulate hot water pipes if hidden installation is planned in ceilings or floors;
• during installation, close the openings of uninstalled pipes;
• carry out soldering in a clean room;
• check pipes for moisture and dirt before soldering;
• do not block access to the connecting sections of the system with water supply.

Following these tips will greatly facilitate the maintenance and repair of communications.

Conclusion

Installing a water supply system in an apartment is a non-trivial task, which is quite difficult to solve without prior planning. Properly drawn up communication scheme, well-thought-out structure of the bathroom, as well as high-quality materials and equipment guarantee the success of the entire event. Careful design significantly reduces the risk of failure and the likelihood of repairs in subsequent years.

The issue of replacing and adjusting the plumbing system in a home often confronts people who decide to repair. The reason may be the redevelopment of the bathroom, the replacement of old pipes, etc. For such work, you do not need to certify the documentation in the regulatory authorities, and you can even do without the services of professional plumbers. The owner can do the plumbing in the house or apartment with his own hands. Important to have essential tool, a minimum set of skills, as well as draw up a clear action plan and prepare a water supply scheme.

Plumbing in the apartment: what you need to know before installation

First of all, analyze your goals and objectives: what should be the rooms with plumbing, how and where the pipes will run approximately, how much time, effort and money you are willing to spend on updating the wiring. The system can be of two types:

Attention! You only risk learning about a leak from a water pipe immured in the wall from your neighbors.

For self-distribution of water supply at home, pipes made of plastic or metal-plastic are usually chosen. Cast iron, copper are not used because of the difficulties with their cutting, welding and other manipulations. Metal-plastic pipes are the best option for plumbing. But more often choose plastic. They are no less reliable and easy to install, and their low thermal conductivity is great for hot water supply (DHW).

Advice. Among plastics, polypropylene is the most successful option. True, for the connection you need a special welding device.

How to draw a diagram

The plumbing layout determines where, how and through pipes of what diameter the water will flow in your house. Compliance with standard installation methods will ensure proper and safe water supply. A sequential or tee scheme - one pipe is removed from the main, and all water consumers in the house are connected to it in turn. For cold water supply (HVS), experts recommend doing this:

• The 1st tee-outlet is directed to the faucet or shower with a tap in the bathroom;
• 2nd - on the sink, dishwasher and (if the second unit is located in the kitchen);
• 3rd - on the toilet drain;
• further - to the boiler and to the washing machine in the bathroom.

Attention! Hot water is bred in approximately the same way: a bathroom, and then a kitchen. Toilet, boiler, washing machine do not need hot water. Do not forget to install a non-return valve on the main cold water pipe. Otherwise, hot water will go the way for cold water.

The circuit is easy to install: each of the consumers is connected to the supply pipe using a tee. A significant disadvantage of this method is a different level of pressure. If several points of water consumption are working at the same time, the last one will have the lowest pressure. But this is solvable. Another drawback: during the repair of one of the elements of the system, you will have to turn off the water supply for everyone.

Comparison of tee and manifold schemes

The collector scheme assumes that the intermediary supplies water from the main conduit to the collector. All consumers of water are connected to it. The device provides equal pressure for everyone. A ball valve is mounted on each outlet pipe, which allows you to repair part of the system without compromising the performance of the rest. Wiring according to this scheme requires more space, as well as an increase in the number of pipes, taps and various connections and connectors. As a result, the option will cost the homeowner more.

Attention! It is problematic to hide the collector wiring of the water supply in the wall. You can disguise it in the floor, but the collector itself must remain open and have easy access.

Installation of domestic water supply from metal-plastic

After preparing the scheme, calculate how much and what materials you will need. It is better to buy everything with a small margin. The metal-plastic pipe bends. However, before the junction, it must have a flat area of ​​at least 5-7 cm. They are commutated by the press method or using compression fittings.

The second option is suitable only for an open type of water supply:

• measure and cut the pipe;
• chamfer it with a special calibrator;
• put the fitting nut on the pipe;
• insert the ring, and then the fitting itself;
• crimp with a pair of open end wrenches.

The weak point of this type of connection is leakage. Pipes must be inspected, the fitting must be tightened at least once a year.

Press clutch is performed as follows:

• cut the pipes to the required length;
• calibrate;
• put on the fitting and press it with a hand press. This connection is considered more reliable, but not collapsible.

How to make plumbing from plastic pipes

For connection using polypropylene pipes, it is best to take samples with a cross-sectional diameter of 25 mm and a wall thickness of 2.8 cm (for hot water - 3.2 cm). Perform work in the following sequence:

• cut strictly perpendicular with special scissors;
• mark the welding depth at the edges, which depends on the fitting;
• remove the middle layer of the pipe with a trimmer by 1-2 mm;
• prepare the welding machine with the appropriate nozzle;
• cooking takes about 7 seconds. at a temperature of about 250°C;
• welding should be started when the device heats up (the indicator goes out);
• slide the desired places on the pipes and the fitting onto the nozzle of the device, do not scroll;
• also, without scrolling, carefully and quickly connect the pipes or the pipe with the fitting to each other, pushing each other.

Wait a minute to cool. If the welding seam turned out to be not perpendicular or unreliable, it can be cut and the procedure repeated again.

Installation of plumbing at any stage of the process is best done with an assistant. The result depends on the accuracy of the calculations and the accuracy of the work.

Plumbing installation: video