Over time, the structure of the foundation begins to collapse. The failure of the base arises from the old age of the house, untimely repairs and strengthening. If the walls of the building are strong, the owners of the houses try to strengthen the foundation. With the help of such a construction procedure, you can increase the life of the house, and save money on a new building.
The main causes of the destruction of the base
Quite often, the foundations of old houses are subject to complete or partial destruction of the foundation. This is due to the following violations:
- non-compliance with the construction technology of the facility;
- incorrect calculation of the load on the base;
- wrong house design;
- change in soil level;
- lack of soil research;
- dilapidated state of the building.
Sometimes owners of mansions want to add a second floor, increasing the load on the walls and base gives a strong fit and the formation of deep cracks. Before starting work on strengthening the foundation, identify the cause of its occurrence.
Ways to strengthen the foundation
For each type of house, there is a certain technique for strengthening the base. All buildings can be conditionally divided into:
- brick;
- wooden;
- stone.
For example, defects on a wooden house can be eliminated by moving or lifting it. This method is not suitable for stone or brick houses. Each building has its own type of basement and all repairs must be carried out taking into account the design of the house.
Strengthening the pile foundation
Before starting work, it is necessary to find out what is wrong with the bearing piles of the house. They can either sag or fall a little and change shape. To clarify the situation, as a rule, a pile is driven in next to the foundation, then a correctness comparison is made. This means that at the initial stage of construction, the main piles could have been driven to the wrong depth, from which the freezing point of the soil was not reached and there was no stop when they were twisted. If the piles have changed their shape, they must be driven into the ground until solid ground. This action will help fix the problem. If a collapse occurs, then special linings made of metal or wood are installed under the piles.
For detailed instructions on how to do this, you can watch the video material.
Reinforced concrete support for strip base
To eliminate the emergency and strengthen the strip foundation, reinforced topping is used. Strengthening the foundation of a private house is carried out in the following way:
- dig the foundation of the house;
- remove the old concrete, embroider all the cracks and drill through the base.
- insert reinforcing bars into the holes formed;
- to the maximum remove all protruding parts of the base;
- we weld the frame to the reinforcing bars;
- we make formwork and fill everything with concrete.
Important! Do not save on the frame, because. it is he who performs an important function in strengthening the foundation.
Strengthening the brick base
The brick base can also be strengthened. For this, strong bulls are made, which are subsequently built up on the house. Bulls are a concrete block that is built up at the corners of the plinth to increase the area of \u200b\u200bsupport and strengthen the structure. How to install bulls correctly?
- At each corner, a hole is dug 0.5 m deeper from the previous foundation.
Important! The size of the pit is taken into account from the load and bearing capacity of the soil.
- We fix the formwork in the pit.
- We install a bulk frame.
Expert advice! In no case do not connect the new frame to the old foundation, because. the new structure will sag a little, causing the dilapidated concrete to break.
- The entire plane is poured with concrete, after 7-8 days it is necessary to remove the formwork and backfill.
Such work should be done quickly and smoothly, because. a house with torn corners loses its strength and stability.
Sometimes, after installing the bulls, experts see that this is not enough to strengthen it. In this case, a complex strengthening of the straight sections of the base is performed. This procedure has several distinctive nuances from the installation of bulls:
- it is forbidden to dig in large sections of the wall, this can lead to the formation of large cracks and the collapse of the foundation. Permissible value 2 m on one side;
- when strengthening the base, it is permissible to connect the old concrete with the new structure, it is necessary to bandage not only them together, but also individual sections;
- installation of hydroprotection at the joints between the blocks, this will protect against the appearance of deep cracks, water ingress, loosening of the foundation and its destruction.
Buroinjection reinforcement method
This method is popular among specialists. It can be done only with the help of professionals and the use of special equipment. The work process is that:
- Wells are drilled through the old basement with a slope of up to 25 cm in diameter. The depth of drilling in each case is individual, it is important to reach a solid layer of soil.
- A solution is poured into the finished wells and a reinforcing cage is installed.
- As a result, the entire old structure rests on an additional number of piles.
concrete reinforcement
The base can be reinforced with a monolithic frame. This method makes it possible to pour concrete on the side of the building. The whole work process is divided into the following steps:
- a trench is dug over the entire area of the building;
- the basement surface is cleaned of earth, dirt and concrete;
- holes are drilled and anchor rods are installed in them.
Expert advice! If you have the opportunity to work from inside the building, use special through studs.
- fixed formwork is assembled in the trench;
- a volumetric frame is fixed in it;
- then it is pulled together with studs and construction anchors;
- the entire plane is filled with a solution, which is vibrated to fill all the cracks;
- after the concrete has dried, it is necessary to make waterproofing and build a solid blind area.
Strengthening the base on one side
Sometimes a house can sag on only one side. In order to strengthen the structure, it is divided into several sections at a distance of 2 m. Next, the following work is performed:
- a trench is dug deeper and wider from the old base, for the initial element;
- holes for reinforcement are drilled in the old base, with the help of which the old structure is pulled together;
- make fines to increase the adhesion of the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe building;
- then the reinforcing cage and rods are taken, they must enter the damaged base, install them and cement them;
- the formwork is fixed and everything is poured with concrete.
As soon as the concrete dries a little, proceed to the manufacture and construction of the same new elements to strengthen the building. When all work is completed, all elements are interconnected by releasing reinforcement from them.
Complete base replacement
The foundation of the house is replaced when it is no longer possible to strengthen and restore it. The whole process is laborious and long. To do this, it is necessary to dig a trench along the entire foundation tape up to 2 m deep, remove the old structure and fill in a new foundation. To prevent this method of strengthening, it is necessary to monitor the design. In the event of cracks, distortions of windows or doors, carry out restoration measures.
As you can see, strengthening the foundation can be done on your own, the main thing is to do the work in stages, take into account the technology and the characteristics of the damage that has occurred.
Nothing in the world lasts forever - this saying also applies to the foundations of old houses. Throughout the entire period of operation, they are exposed to external influences, gradually their physical characteristics become worse, and they are destroyed. House owners notice cracks in the walls, distortions of window and door openings. All these signs indicate that the foundation of the house is falling into disrepair, and repair work is required to restore it.
How to strengthen the old foundation of the house? This issue becomes topical for many owners of such buildings.
If the owner himself built his house, then he knows all the nuances of building his foundation. When repairing it will be much easier for him. But if the house was bought ready-made, then you will have to understand all the intricacies of the state of the foundation before proceeding with the repair work.
Foundation strengthening work is different from creating a new foundation or simple repairs. If you are not sure that you can handle it yourself, then hire professional builders. And if you want to save money on the family budget, then, having studied the recommendations and tips written in this article, do this work yourself.
Stages of repair work
The first step is to find out the main reason that led to the destruction of the foundation of the house. This will eliminate it and protect the basis of the building from further destruction.
Reasons affecting the integrity of the base
Not respected technological process construction. In this case, the repair work will be carried out at random. Their high-quality implementation will increase the life of the building by another 20-30 years.
The groundwater level has changed. Repair work involves the arrangement of drainage of the base.
There has been ground movement.
After determining the root cause, you need to outline the stages of repair work and prepare for their implementation.
Methods for strengthening the old foundation
There are several ways to answer the question of how to strengthen the old foundation of the house. Some of them prescribe the use the latest technologies, but many developers continue to trust the old methods proven over the years.
All methods are not without their drawbacks and have a number of advantages. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account all the requirements and features of the method, and then proceed to carry out repair work.
Houses are built from different materials, so there are different ways to restore their foundations. For example, to strengthen the foundation of an old wooden house, it is necessary to raise it above the surface of the earth and carry out work on laying a new foundation.
Tape basis
The strip foundation is one of the most popular in the construction of private buildings. Therefore, many owners are faced with the question of how to strengthen the foundation of an old house. The most common cause of the skew of a building installed on such a base is heaving of the soil.
Carrying out work
To strengthen the tape base of the house, it is necessary to achieve a balance of all forces acting on the foundation. To do this, you need to increase the area of \u200b\u200bthe base.
A section of the wall 2 meters long is selected. A moat is dug along it to the depth of the base of the house. Its width is calculated according to the data obtained in the study of the old base. Often it is equal to the size of the old foundation.
The old base is being prepared for fastening it with the new one. To do this, drill holes for fittings and strobes. Next, formwork is assembled for a new foundation. It is connected to the fittings inserted into the prepared holes. This is the main part of the work to strengthen the basis of the old house.
Upon completion of the work on attaching the frame to the old base, a concrete solution is poured.
After the concrete has completely dried, the renewed base is buried, and a new ditch is dug nearby, and the work is repeated. To save time, they can be made from different sides of the building at the same time.
The foundation is laid below the freezing point of the soil
The basis of the house, laid in this way, is not affected by the soil, but groundwater can wash away the earth from it. How to strengthen the foundation of an old house in this case will be described below.
Before starting work to strengthen the foundation, you need to make them. They are performed first, then all the concrete that has become unusable is removed.
Upon completion of the repair work, blind areas are installed around the perimeter of the house and other additional protection against moisture.
Strengthening the foundation with piles
It happens that a worn base can be strengthened in only one way. How to strengthen the foundation of an old house with piles?
Piles can be installed in a screw, pressed or bored way.
screw method
This method is considered the most convenient and easy to implement. Piles can be installed by any home master who does not have special skills. The pile is a pipe with a helical platform, thanks to which it is screwed into the ground. The redistribution of the load of the house takes place on the same site. How to strengthen the old foundation of the house? The photo demonstrates this (using screw piles).
Depressed method
If the building is very old, then all drilling work is prohibited. The foundation can be strengthened only with the help of pressed piles. Such work is carried out by professionals and requires special equipment.
bored method
In order to strengthen the foundation by this method, two-meter wells should be prepared. Then a reinforcing cage is mounted in them and concrete is poured. Beams are laid on the piles made, on which the old house being repaired is located. Work to strengthen the foundation in this way takes two months.
Repair of the foundation of houses made of bricks or cinder blocks
How to strengthen the old foundation of a house made of cinder blocks and bricks, while not harming the integrity of the building, is written below.
To strengthen the basis of such buildings must be approached very responsibly. Usually the main task is to stop further subsidence of the building due to Undermining the foundation in this case is unacceptable. The base can be strengthened with reinforcing solid belts made of reinforced concrete.
Stages of strengthening the foundation of houses made of bricks or cinder blocks:
For the tape base, a ditch is cut out at an angle of 35 ° and a width of 50 cm. The base cushion must not be disturbed.
The surface of the basement or foundation is cleaned of old finishing materials. If the basis is destroyed in some places, then these pieces are removed.
The cleaned substrate is coated with a deep penetration primer. Further, the entire base or its individual destroyed parts are anchored with reinforcement. Holes for it are prepared using a perforator. If the foundation is made of rubble stone, then the anchors are hammered between them. The anchors are arranged in three rows with a step width of 60 cm.
After installing all the anchors, they must be scalded with reinforcement, which is located horizontally.
Then a metal mesh is fixed to the reinforcement.
Formwork is installed at a distance of 15 cm from the grid and a concrete solution is poured.
After it dries, the soil is backfilled.
After the repair, the old base becomes like a solid reinforced concrete foundation. After studying this part of the article, you learned how to strengthen the foundation of an old house with a basement.
Repair of the base of a wooden house
Every owner of a wooden house should know how to repair the base. If there is a need to strengthen the basis, you need to perform certain work.
Examination of the foundation will help determine the complexity of the upcoming work, identify defects in the basis. Based on the inspection, a decision is made whether the repair will be major or partial.
Types of base repair
Partial repair of the base is done if the integrity of the house is not violated.
If the base is made using wooden parts, some of which have rotted, then they should be replaced or the entire foundation changed. In order to perform such work, the entire structure is raised to a certain height, and the base is built up with bricks or blocks of wood.
To determine the exact and appropriate technology for repairing the base, it is necessary to determine what the base was originally. If it was a strip base, then you can partially replace the destroyed areas or strengthen it around the entire perimeter of the old house. In case of severe destruction, the basis will have to be replaced completely.
If the original foundation of the house was made in a columnar way, then all the details of the base will have to be changed. The building rises to a height, this is done with the help of conventional jacks. How to strengthen the old foundation of a private house? The photo shows the moment the building was raised to a height.
The old concrete pad is being replaced with a new one. A new pole is mounted on it. After replacing all the details of the old foundation, the building is lowered onto a new foundation.
Replacing the old foundations of wooden buildings is a costly and inefficient job. In its implementation, the most important thing is to keep the building and all its structures in their original form. Fasteners are usually installed in window and doorways. To control the integrity of the house, beacons are installed that show its deformation.
Results
It can be seen from the article that there are no impossible jobs. You can strengthen any foundation of any structure. The question is, is it necessary to carry out such work, if their price can be more expensive than the oldest house? If you still decide to strengthen the foundation of the structure, then this article will help you find out how to do it. When carrying out repair work, you should adhere to all the rules and recommendations written in this material. When strengthening the foundation of an old house, follow the safety rules, take care of the health of your assistants and your own.
Many residents of private homes sooner or later face such a problem as. This is due to shrinkage of the house, fatigue of materials. If the foundation has served for more than 10-15 years and has already exhausted its resources, then it's time to update and strengthen it on your own. It is very good if you built the basis of the house with your own hands and know how everything was done, what frame structures are inside and what materials were used.
You can strengthen the old foundation by making a reinforcing cage, which is installed at the corners, and even better around the entire perimeter, and poured with concrete.
Having noticed that the window openings are warped, and deep cracks have gone in the base of the house, you need to start strengthening the fundamental part of the building. To do this, you can invite specialists, or you can tackle the problem yourself. You should first analyze the state of the foundation of your house in order to understand which of the ways to strengthen the base will be the most effective and optimal in your particular situation.
Causes of the destruction of the foundation of the building
Virtually anything can cause the foundation of a house to collapse, from damage to materials to the presence of a building in close proximity to your home. Here are the main prerequisites that can take place:
Scheme of destruction of the foundation: (forces: a - gravity, b - soil resistance, c - frost heaving): 1. Subsidence of the soil; 2. Pushing out the foundation; 3. Frosty swelling; 4. Overturning of the foundation.
- Failure to comply with the technology of the process of building a house during its construction, as well as the use of low-quality materials, which leads to rapid wear of the foundation.
- The construction of the house took place without taking into account the characteristics and composition of the soil, which led to the wrong selection of construction technology and the choice of the wrong materials.
- Possible errors in the calculation of the load on the foundation during its laying.
- A change in the level of groundwater, namely an increase, including abundant soil moisture (for example, a spring flood).
- The heterogeneous composition of the soil, the movement of the soil can also lead to the need to strengthen the foundation.
- Carrying out land or construction work in the immediate vicinity of the house, for example, laying pipes, building another house.
- Possible freezing of clay soil, which is very common if the foundation was laid with errors, according to a technology that was never followed.
- A thorough redevelopment of the house, which involves the displacement or transfer (destruction) of the bearing walls.
Before that, it is necessary to understand the reasons for its shrinkage and be sure to eliminate them. If you do not do this, then the same thing can happen with the new base as with the old one.
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Where do you need to start?
It is better to start by determining how you are going to strengthen the foundation of your house. There are three main methods for strengthening the foundation:
- Classic way.
- Reinforced concrete shirt.
- Piling method.
All of them are often used in construction work, each has its pros and cons, as well as "indications". You should choose one or another method based on your own preferences, financial capabilities. First, collect all the tools and materials that you may need to strengthen the foundation. Here is a list of such tools:
- Bulgarian.
- Welding machine.
- Roulette construction.
- Special wire cutters.
- Construction hammer.
- Reinforcing cages or twigs.
- Piles to strengthen the foundation.
- Concrete mix.
- Rubble.
- construction gloves.
- Shovel.
- Wooden beams.
- waterproofing material.
Having prepared everything you need, you can get down to business. Next, all three ways of how to strengthen the foundation will be considered in order to understand the features of each of them.
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Strengthening by the classical method
This is one of the most economical methods that has already been tested for centuries, and therefore you can be 100% sure that such a foundation will last for many more years. To implement this type of work, you will not need new materials and technological tools, it will be enough that you have already provided and prepared. The essence of the work is to create a new one around, thereby strengthening it and making it more durable and protected. To begin with, it follows from all corners of the house to give them rigidity. The new layer of the foundation of the house must have a width of at least 1 m, and go half a meter lower in depth than the old layer.
Now you can armed necessary tools, to make a reinforcing cage for corner joints. After their manufacture, lower them into prepared pits and fill them with high-quality and durable concrete. At this stage, saving on cement mortar is not worth it, because it should serve you for many years. Work must be carried out very quickly so that bare areas do not remain so for too long. If the work will be carried out around the entire perimeter of the house, then each section must be done in stages. Until one segment dries, it is not recommended to proceed to the next.
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Reinforced concrete shirt as a way to strengthen the foundation
This type of work assumes that not only the old foundation will be strengthened, but also the walls of your house. To do this, special anchors are built into the walls and foundation, into which concrete is poured. Before strengthening the foundation, it is necessary to waterproof the prepared foundation with the help of special tools. The next step is the arrangement of a brick wall, which is the most reliable material in this situation. Strengthening the foundation in a similar way is The best way secure your home.
Along with this, the method of broadening the foundation is also used, which involves adding it from all sides. First you need to measure and mark everything on the grip, after which you can alternately tear off the old foundation through the grip itself. The surface must be cleaned of construction and other debris, after which, at the place where the old foundation is located, or rather around it, dig a trench and fill it with rubble. Now you can drill holes in the base into which the metal pins will be installed. The next step is to install beams between brick wall and foundation.
This way to strengthen the foundation of the house should bring very good results. Even significant damage to the foundation can be corrected by strengthening the base in this way. After carrying out all the above works, it is necessary to install the formwork in the trench and pour it with concrete. This way you will get a fully reinforced foundation of your house, even affecting the walls, which will provide even more protection from destruction.
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Strengthening the house with piles
Another method that simply cannot be passed by, because it is used in cases where the foundation is very badly destroyed and its strengthening is an urgent need.
If there are problems with the soil, for example, its shrinkage or an increase in the level of groundwater, then it is best to strengthen the base of the building by installing special piles.
The work is quite difficult, requiring attention, but the results are very good. Piles can be installed along the perimeter of the old foundation, or under it. Here it is necessary to find an individual solution by studying different ways strengthening the basis of the house.
There are several ways to strengthen houses with piles:
- The bored method, the essence of which is to punch wells around the entire perimeter of the building inside and out. They are stuffed with rebar and filled with concrete. The depth of each well must be at least two meters, and the distance between them must be maintained at 1.5 m. These piles are attached to the house with reliable anchor bolts.
- The indentation method, it is used in cases where the houses are already quite old and it is impossible to apply excessive physical force and pressure to them. In this case, the piles are not driven into the foundation, but are slowly and gradually pressed into place. This is done with the help of special equipment, since it is simply impossible to carry out this type of work on your own.
- screw method. This is the most common method that is used when you need to strengthen the foundation, it is the most effective. In order to install the piles, you will need outside help, as a couple of working hands are not enough.
There are some nuances that you need to familiarize yourself with before you decide to strengthen the basis of a private house in this way:
- First you need to carefully study the old foundation, since the choice of one or another method of installing piles depends on its condition. If the base is very old and can collapse at any time, then it is better to choose the method.
- Many are interested in whether it is possible to do such work on their own, the answer is obvious: in most cases, you will need special equipment that was created specifically for such purposes. Of course, you can do all the accompanying work yourself.
- Most often, screw piles are used to strengthen the foundation of houses. It's comfortable and effective method which requires the participation of special equipment and tools.
- If you need to strengthen the foundation of the tape type, then it is better to start by balancing the impact of underground forces. This is done by increasing the area of the base of the house.
The owner of a private house once always wonders how to strengthen the foundation. Entrust it to someone or try to do everything yourself? Let's look at the main stages and weigh the forces.
You will have to correct the negative consequences from the influence of external factors on the foundation under the house, but what if you have never had to do the foundation repair yourself in your life? To understand which strengthening of the base of the building is preferable, you should understand the reason for its collapse. There are two explanations why pieces of the foundation suddenly begin to fall off, and it itself crumbles: violations of technology during construction or external negative factors(displacement of soil, change in its composition, movement of groundwater, vibration).
Collapse of the base of the building
The first reason may include improper preparation of the binder, poor-quality building materials, incorrect measurements that led to the warping of the masonry. The second “critical moment” may be that the composition of the soil, its moisture content were not taken into account during construction, or drainage was not done correctly.
To determine whether the destruction of the base under the house continues and whether it needs to be strengthened urgently, paper tapes should be glued to the cracks found.. If within a week they are not broken, then the expansion of the splits does not occur. You can use plaster tape. In addition to visual control, soil samples are taken, including for its determination. chemical composition. Thanks to this analysis, it is possible to select building materials that are not affected by external factors or their harmful effects are minimal.
Prevention of foundation construction
Like any structure, the foundation needs mandatory preventive procedures. Thanks to them, it is possible to significantly extend the life of a private house and delay the strengthening and bringing it into proper order. It is recommended to pay attention to the following "pain points":
- Before building a foundation, be sure to use geodetic and geological services that will determine whether it is possible to build a residential building on a certain piece of land.
- In no case do not deviate from the requirements of technology: do not use a binder solution that does not correspond to the project, brick with other hygroscopic properties, do not save on the components of the concrete mix.
- Do not make changes to the plan of a private house (rebuilding load-bearing partitions and walls, erecting additional floors and extensions), which can change the application of support points to the foundation and redistribute the weight load of the main building.
- The construction of a shock-absorbing cushion under the foundation, drainage ditches and moisture insulation should not be neglected. For long-term operation of the building, you should not save on these works.
- All communications should be laid before the foundation is erected. The deployment of these measures after construction can lead to improper shrinkage of the entire building, and as a result, to the appearance of cracks and the destruction of its foundation.
Let's start with the most popular, one might say, classic way to strengthen the foundation. The algorithm of actions has already been worked out for centuries, and therefore it is most preferable because of its efficiency and economy, and it is quite feasible with our own hands. The point is to build a new foundation, which is laid out around the house along its perimeter and serves as an additional support for laying the old foundation. All work is divided into a number of successive stages.
First, square holes must be dug at each corner of the building in order to expose the masonry of the old foundation. The parameters of the pit are 1x1 m. The depth must be made 0.5 m below the old base. Then it will be necessary to make frames from reinforcement according to the number of corners of the building or along the length of the walls, if it is decided to make reinforcement around the entire perimeter. Then there is the installation of structures made of metal rods in the resulting recesses and the filling of square pits with reinforcement with concrete, the brand of which guarantees the special strength of the material.
Strengthening the foundation with a metal rod structure
The work is rather meticulous - too long exposure of the old foundation can lead to negative impact external environment and subsequent skew. That is why it is recommended to divide the pouring perimeter into sections not exceeding a length of 2 m. The next sector will be strengthened after the concrete “grabs” completely on the previous one. For the same reason, it is recommended to expose the corner parts of the foundation as they are poured, so that the exposure time is minimal.
Strengthening the foundation of a wooden house
If the first method is quite within the power to do it yourself even alone, then for a wooden house it is already a little more difficult to organize the strengthening of the base. The fact is that the most common misfortune of such buildings is the rotting of the crown, that is, the dilapidation of the lower logs of the log house. For everything to be successful, it is necessary to replace this part of the hut, at the same time you can use the case for laying waterproofing material.
How to strengthen the foundation of a wooden private house with your own hands - step by step diagram
Step 1: Dismantling the Base
It should be noted that the operation to replace the crown should precede the strengthening of the base. First, a small dismantling of the foundation is done under the lower log in order to freely remove the rotten wood. At the junctions with other logs, cuts must be made.
Step 2: Update the entire perimeter
After that, part of the dismantled foundation is restored. When the whole procedure is done, the same thing is done on the opposite side of the house. Having finished with one row around the perimeter, you can begin to replace the next. It should be noted that the crown of a wooden house is made up of two rows of logs, and each of them must be impregnated with special compounds and covered with a waterproofing agent when replacing.
Step 3: Unloading at home
But what to do if not only the logs let us down, but the old foundation collapsed in several places, and serious work is needed to restore it? Here you can not do without hydraulic devices. Remove the load on the foundation, i.e. remove pieces of furniture and heavy equipment from the room. It is also advisable to dismantle the doors and the floor.
Step 4: Opening the Foundation
Along the entire perimeter of the building, every 2 m, it is necessary to prepare holes into which channels or I-beams should be inserted, they will act as a platform. With the help of hydraulic jacks, these iron structures evenly raise the house to a height that allows strengthening the foundation itself. Temporary supports are installed under the house (welded structures or wooden blocks). When full access to the foundation is obtained, it is possible to fully strengthen it. When the work is done, you just need to put the house in place and bring in all the things.
But what about the views of the foundation itself, because most often it is columnar and tape? Will their strengthening take place in some specific way? Many people know that columnar is a system of piles (pillars) that are installed in places maximum load. In order to properly distribute the load on these supports, various devices such as grillages and strapping beams are used. The design of the tape is also intuitive from the name. it reinforced concrete structure in the form of a closed loop. Often, columnar is combined with tape.
Fortified strip foundation
If you want to deploy the reinforcement of any of these structures, then both methods described above are suitable for this. In addition, it can be improved by drilling holes in the posts and providing them with reinforced rods. How to strengthen, you can even choose from several options: by replacing parts with new ones (block), or by erecting formwork and pouring a layer of concrete (monolithic).
Over time, the foundation of almost every building collapses. But if at the same time the house itself is in good technical condition, then it is easier to strengthen the foundation and basement than to build the whole house from scratch. But before you strengthen the foundation of an old house, you should find out the reasons for the damage to the foundation, choose a method that strengthens the foundation and increases its reliability.
Before strengthening the foundation, it is important to deal with the cause of its destruction - it can be washing away or subsidence of the soil. Source soveti-po-remontu.ru
The main causes of foundation damage
Strengthening the foundation of the house will be required if the foundation is damaged, and this happens the following reasons:
dilapidation building;
design executed with errors;
violation technologies foundation laying;
adding additional outbuildings negatively affected the design;
change soil conditions, rising groundwater levels due to prolonged precipitation;
conducting developments the surrounding area, laying communications during large-scale earthworks;
fulfillment of unforeseen in the design redevelopment buildings, and, not taking into account the additional load on the foundation;
wrong drain device with the subsequent washing away of the building;
significant ground vibration from a nearby highway or blasting;
because of the big building mass from a brick, its foundation is destroyed, and therefore it is necessary to strengthen the foundation brick house.
Incorrect calculation of the foundation for a large house leads to rapid wear of the base Source tkpanel.ru
Preparatory measures and diagnostics before strengthening the foundation
How the foundation of a private house will be strengthened depends on the reasons that led to the discrepancy between the foundation. Therefore, preliminary diagnostics is carried out, involving two actions:
installation of beacons on wall cracks;
inspection of the foundation in places of destruction.
These steps are not difficult to perform, and the information obtained will help determine how to strengthen the base.
Establishment of beacons
The installation of beacons will allow you to find out:
destruction continues or has stopped;
in case of continuation, in which direction is the shrinkage and how fast;
what causes cracks.
The process involves the installation of small cement or plaster trays (markers) on the cracks at the top and bottom. The material must be so brittle that if moved, it could burst. At least two beacons should be used for each crack.
The status of the beacons is checked periodically. If the position of the markers has not changed for several weeks, then the sediment has stopped.
When the cracks expand, you can see which part of the house sags.
To determine which side urgent repairs are required, a construction beacon will help Source m-stone.ru
digging a hole
In places where cracks expand, the foundation begins to tear off within the depth of its occurrence, no more. The length of the trench should be small, and the width should allow the use of a shovel inside.
As insurance, it is necessary to use props to support the walls during excavations.
If there is water at the bottom of the trench, then drainage will be required in the form of a drainage system.
Determining the causes and methods of strengthening the base
Having collected information while observing the beacons, as well as while digging a pit, the reasons for the cracking of the foundation and walls are being clarified. Having determined the reason, you can understand in what way it is better to strengthen the foundation of a private house.
Spillage of cement
As the foundation is excavated, its condition is assessed. Concrete may crumble due to a violation of technology and its incorrect compilation. A change in acidity in water can cause corrosion of building materials. In this case, drainage, removal of crumbling parts and strengthening of the crumbling solution will be required.
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer foundation design and repair services. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".
Soil washout
If during the digging of the pit a void was found, this means that the soil is being washed out from under the house. Then water will soon appear in the trench, and a drainage system will be required to correct the situation.
The appearance of water in the trench is a sure sign of erosion of the foundation groundwater Source pogreb-podval.ru
Then waterproofing is performed, the void is covered with soil, rammed, and a blind area is installed.
Subsidence of fragile soil
In the event of significant subsidence with sandy or sandy soil, strengthening of the soil itself will be required. Then wells are drilled that reach below the base (soles), cement or other strengthening mortar is poured there.
With obvious faults and shifts in the foundation, it will be necessary to top up the foundation or strengthen it with piles. Ground movements, changes in the building load (due to extensions, cement screeds) lead to such damage.
Ways to strengthen the foundation of the house
All buildings are divided into: brick, stone, wooden. For example wooden house can be lifted or moved. This is not applicable if the question arises of how to strengthen the foundation of a brick or stone house. All houses differ in the basement, the nature of the repair work carried out in accordance with the construction project.
Strengthening the pile foundation
Before strengthening the foundation, it is necessary to determine what faults the piles of the building have (sunk, failed, changed shape).
Strengthening the foundation of the house with bored piles Source pinterest.pt
To clarify, a pile is driven near the foundation in order to determine the sufficient depth of the main piles. Because at the beginning of construction work, the deepening of the piles could not reach the freezing point of the soil, and there was no stop when they were screwed in. When changing the shape of the piles, they are deepened to solid ground. During a collapse, wooden or metal linings are placed under the piles.
Replacement of individual piles
Most often, a pile log foundation was used for old wooden buildings. Under long-term exposure to moisture on these base elements, they were damaged and became less durable. To replace such log piles, the building is jacked up, the log is removed, and a new pile is installed in its place.
Before raising the building, they put strong boards to stop the jack so that it does not go deep into the ground from the load, but raises the building. There should also be a layer of wood between the building and the jack.
At the bottom of the hole from the extracted old log, concrete is poured to strengthen the new pile. Then, within a few days, the solution should dry out, after which a new support is installed.
So that the piles do not “leave” to the side, you need to wait until the solution has completely dried. Source miremonta.ru
This method is suitable if you need to replace only individual logs (2-4 pieces), bored or screw piles are used to replace the entire base. Therefore, before replacing, they carefully study the condition of the foundation, so that they do not have to change it soon.
Renovation of the lower rims
Strengthening the foundation of an old wooden building is often done in the form of updating its lower crowns. Over time, under the influence of precipitation and groundwater, wood becomes unusable.
You can determine the state of the lower part of the building by outward signs logs lying on the foundation. If rotting, warping occurs, the lower rims of the house need to be replaced.
To protect the logs from the adverse effects of the external environment, moisture, pests, the wood is impregnated with antiseptics and flame retardants.
Reinforced concrete support to the strip foundation
To strengthen the strip foundation, reinforced topping is performed in the following sequences:
Dig in building foundation.
Clean up old concrete, embroider holes, drill the base.
Insert into the holes in the fittings.
Clean up as far as possible protruding parts of concrete.
For reinforcing bars welded frame.
Do formwork (wooden structure) and filled with concrete.
Strengthening the brick foundation
In order to strengthen the brick base, concrete blocks (bulls) are made to build on the corners of the basement in order to increase the area of \u200b\u200bsupport and strengthen the structure.
After fixing concrete blocks, professionals can sometimes see that this is not enough for reinforcement. Then a comprehensive strengthening of the straight sections of the foundation will be required. This process is different from attaching blocks:
the walls are dug in no more than 2 m so that cracks and the collapse of the foundation do not appear;
when strengthening the foundation of a private house, it is allowed to connect old concrete with new, everything is also tied up with separate sections;
waterproofing is installed between the blocks so that deep cracks do not appear, water does not get in, the base does not loosen, and the base does not collapse.
Buroinjection method of strengthening
Bored piles are a type of bored piles and are used in cases where increased pile strength is required, as well as to prevent soil from shedding from the walls of the well. Bored injection and bored piles are made using a similar technology.
The drilling injection method is popular with professionals and it is used with the help of specialists and special equipment:
wells are drilled through the old base with an inclination, with a diameter of not more than 25 cm, to the depth of the solid layers of soil;
mortar is poured into the holes, the reinforcing cage is fixed.
Now the old building has a reinforcement in the form of additional piles.
concrete reinforcement
To strengthen the base, a monolithic frame is used, which allows pouring concrete on the side of the building:
digging around the entire perimeter of the building trench;
plinth is cleared from earth and concrete;
holes are drilled for installation of anchor rods;
collected in a trench fixed formwork to fix the bulk frame there;
pull together it with studs and construction anchor;
for all space the solution is poured, which fills all the cracks;
after the concrete has dried waterproofing, a solid blind area is being erected.
Video description
Another type of foundation reinforcement is used when using heavy wall cladding:
Strengthening the foundation on one side
In case of subsidence of the building on one side, before strengthening the structure, it is divided into several parts of 2 m each, after which the following actions are performed:
dig out trench deeper and wider;
old foundation drilled for the installation of reinforcing bars for screeds of the old design;
are doing grooves in concrete(shtrabs) to increase the adhesion of the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe building;
reinforcing cage, the rods are inserted into the damaged base and cemented;
fix formwork poured with concrete solution.
When the concrete dries, similar actions are performed in other parts of the structure. After completion of all work, all parts are connected by reinforcement.
Strengthening the rubble foundation
Strengthening the rubble base will be required in case of less thorough backfilling behind the front row, when using less durable stones there. The stones could crumble, the solutions could wash out, get enough sleep.
If the destruction is caused by groundwater, drainage will be required to divert water and a blind area.
When crumbled voids subside, cementation of the tub will be required. The voids through the pipes are filled with concrete. They also act when diverting water from eroded soil.
Shotcrete
Shotcrete is a layer-by-layer spraying of cement mortars under high pressure. This method of strengthening the foundation of a private house is used with a strip base with damage to only the supporting base. With this technique, the basement of the house is strengthened, its water resistance is increased. To strengthen the layer, a reinforcing mesh is laid, poured with cement mortar.
Complete base replacement
The foundation is replaced if it can no longer be strengthened or restored. This is a laborious and lengthy procedure. A trench is dug along the entire foundation with a depth of no more than 2 m, the old structure is removed, new concrete is poured.
To avoid a complete replacement, you need to monitor the building. All cracks, distortions of doors, windows should be immediately corrected.
Video description
Visually about the repair and replacement of the foundation, see the following video:
Conclusion
The foundation of any building can be restored by adding new elements to the structure. Carefully done work guarantees the long-term integrity of the foundation of the house. And if you yourself do not know how to strengthen the foundation in a private house correctly, then it is better to entrust this work to experienced hands, so as not to be left without a foundation and without a house.
