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medicinal plants Kuban

1. Chamomile

herbal medicine chamomile mint dosage

An annual fragrant plant of the Compositae family, up to 60 cm in height. Taproot, thin, branched. Stem erect or ascending, thin, branched. The leaves are alternate, sessile, twice or thrice pinnately dissected into thin, narrow filiform segments.

Flower baskets are medium-sized, sit on the tops of the stem and branches on long peduncles. Marginal flowers pistillate, reed, white, inner golden yellow, bisexual, funnel-shaped tubular. The receptacle is oblong-conical, hollow inside, glabrous, elongating towards the end of flowering. The fruit is a curved, narrowed at the base achene with 3 ribs, brownish-green in color. All organs of the plant have a strong aromatic odor. Blossoms in May - September, fruit ripening begins in July. Propagated by seeds. The weight of 1000 seeds is 0.03-0.07 g, in selected polyploid varieties - 0.075-0.08 g. Distributed in the south and in the middle zone of the European part of the CIS, in the Caucasus, in Central Asia and in the southern regions of Siberia. It grows along the edges of coniferous, mixed and broad-leaved forests, along clearings and roads, in clearings, young fallows, in settlements, crops and gardens. As a weed, it can appear in a variety of places, but usually disappears after 1-2 years, unable to compete with other plant species. In the wild, it is most often found in Ukraine, Moldova, the Krasnodar Territory and Rostov region Russia.

Chamomile as a medicine was known to doctors Ancient Greece and Rome, she was no less famous among the doctors of the Middle Ages. Avicenna believed: "Chamomile is the most useful medicine for exhaustion, because its warmth is like that of an animal."

In the XVIII and XIX centuries used only in cosmetics.

Pharmacological properties

Chamomile preparations have antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, sedative and some analgesic effects.

When taken, chamomile infusion increases the secretion of the digestive glands, has a choleretic effect, reduces fermentation processes, and relieves intestinal spasms. The mechanism of antispasmodic action is explained by the m-anticholinergic properties of plant glycosides. Chamomile essential oil somewhat enhances and deepens breathing, speeds up the heart rate, dilates the vessels of the brain, and also has disinfectant and anti-inflammatory properties due to the presence of chamazulene in it. Chamomile preparations accelerate the processes of regeneration of the epithelium in experimental ulcers and delay the development of experimental inflammation.

Application in medicine

Flowers. Infusion (inside) - for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, diseases of the liver and biliary tract, flatulence, stomach cramps; in the form of enemas - with colitis and hemorrhoids; in the form of rinses - with inflammation of the gums, mucous membranes, tonsillitis; in the form of lotions - for eczema, ulcers, abscesses, x-ray burns; in the form of poultices - for rheumatism, gout, arthritis, bruises. Powder in folk medicine - for migraines; juice (inside) - in the treatment of gastritis, gastric ulcer, spasms and pain in the stomach and intestines, flatulence, diarrhea, diseases of the liver, gallbladder and bladder, renal colic. It is recommended for increased acidity of gastric juice. Taken with honey and cream at night, it induces sound sleep. Outwardly in the form of rinses - with angina, for washing eyes, wounds, with sweating of the limbs.

Chamomile is part of the sedative, carminative and emollient fees.

2. Large plantain

Popular names: seven-veiner, cutter, fellow traveler, roadside, boil grass.

Perennial herbaceous plant of the plantain family (Plantaginaceae), up to 70 cm in height, with a shortened thick rhizome and a dense bunch of roots.

Flowering stems are leafless, ascending at the base. Leaves in basal rosette, glabrous, broadly ovate or elliptical, with arcuate venation. Thanks to these veins, plantain leaves do not break and successfully resist trampling. The flowers are small, inconspicuous, collected in a dense, long cylindrical spike at the top of the stem. Corolla membranous light brownish; stamens with dark purple anthers and white filaments, protrude far from the corolla. The fruit is an ovoid capsule with 8-16 (34) small, angular, brown seeds. Blooms from late May to September, fruits ripen in August - September. One plant produces up to 60 thousand seeds. Propagated by seeds. Distributed almost throughout the CIS, with the exception of the Far North. It grows on roadsides, paths, wastelands, near housing, in vegetable gardens, orchards, crops, on floodplain and upland meadows, on rich and sufficiently moist soils.

The outer layer of the shell of the seeds is mucous, when water gets in, they become very mucilaginous, become sticky. Sticking to human shoes, to the hooves, paws of animals, they are transported over long distances. Thus, the seeds of the plant "moved" with the settlers from Europe to North America, where over time the plantain spread everywhere. Wherever white people settled, plantain soon followed them. Therefore, the Indians called it "the trail of the pale-faced." It grows even on the islands of Antarctica, where penguins spread it.

One of the oldest medicinal plants. Even in China, it was collected for medical purposes more than 3,000 years ago. The ancient Greeks and Romans used psyllium seeds for dysentery, inflammatory conditions of the stomach, intestines, and other ailments. Hippocrates and Galen used it. Avicenna thought it was extremely good for ulcers. The leaves are knitted. They prevent bleeding, and when dried, promote the healing of old and fresh ulcers, and in ulcers there is nothing better than this. Avicenna also used plantain leaves as a wound healing and hemostatic agent.

There is a legend about how the healing properties of plantain were discovered. One day, two snakes, located on the road, basked in the sun. Suddenly a wagon came round the corner. One snake managed to crawl out of the way, and the other lingered, and the wheel ran over it. The people sitting in the cart saw how the first snake, which remained unharmed, crawled away, but soon returned with a plantain leaf, with which it healed the victim. This incident seems to have prompted people to think about the possibility of using the plant to treat wounds.

Pharmacological properties

In a pharmacological study of galenic preparations from the leaves of a large plantain, their wide biological activity was established. The juice (from fresh leaves) of psyllium is effective in treating corneal wounds; inhibits the growth of pathogenic staphylococcus at a dilution of 1:2, Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a dilution of 1:4 and inhibits the growth of hemolytic streptococcus at a dilution of 1:2. Leaf extract has a sedative and hypotensive effect. Water infusions from plantain leaves increase the activity of ciliated epithelium cilia respiratory tract, which leads to an increase in the secretion of bronchial mucus, as a result of which the sputum is liquefied and its excretion is facilitated when coughing. The extract from the leaves of the plantain has a hemostatic, wound healing and bacteriostatic effect in the treatment of wounds. Plantain has some calming effect, lowers blood pressure.

Application in medicine

In Chinese medicine - diuretic, antipyretic; with respiratory infections, diseases of the urinary tract, conjunctivitis. In Tajikistan - with gonorrhea.

Roots. Extract - for fever and snake bites. In Siberia (decoction in milk) - for kidney diseases and respiratory infections; powder - wound healing. In the Caucasus (fresh and tincture) - for toothache.

Roots, leaves. Decoction, juice - with gastritis, colitis, enterocolitis.

Aboveground part. In homeopathy - juice, essence - for tachycardia, polyuria, impotence, headache and toothache, earache; externally - as anti-inflammatory, wound healing, hemostatic. In Tibetan, Chinese, Mongolian and Korean medicine, fresh, juice, infusion - wound healing, hemostatic; juice with honey - diuretic for dysuria in children. In Tibetan, Korean and Mongolian medicine - for gastrointestinal diseases, diarrhea. In Tibetan medicine - for enteritis, pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis. In Chinese medicine - for bronchitis, pleurisy, nephritis, impotence. In Korean medicine (juice) - for nosebleeds. In folk medicine, juice, infusion - with anacid gastritis, acute respiratory diseases, urethritis.

Leaves. In scientific medicine, infusion is used as an expectorant for bronchitis, bronchial asthma, whooping cough, pulmonary tuberculosis. In practical medicine, galenical preparations (including juice) - for peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum; externally - for inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity and nasopharynx, bruises, wounds, cuts, chronic ulcers, burns, phlegmon, boils, purulent wounds (as bacteriostatic and wound healing); in obstetrics and gynecology - with endometritis, myometritis, parametritis, adiexitis, as well as with infertility due to anovulation, with metrorrhagia. Juice - in the treatment of corneal wounds, with neurodermatitis and acne. The drug "Plantaglucid" (a mixture of polysaccharides) has an antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory effect, is used for hypacid gastritis, gastric ulcer during an exacerbation and for the prevention of relapses. In folk medicine, decoction, infusion, juice - similar to practical medicine and, moreover, with nephritis, enuresis, diarrhea, anthrax, lung cancer; as a tonic, protistocidal. In Georgia (as part of the collection) - for epilepsy in children; in Siberia (infusion and fresh) - with weeping zkzeme and calluses; fresh (crushed with chalk) - with erysipelas; in Turkmenistan (fresh) - for furunculosis.

Flowers, fruits (immature). In Tibetan medicine - for diarrhea.

Seeds. In practical gynecology, a decoction is used for the endocrine form of female infertility. In Korean medicine, the extract is an expectorant; a decoction in a multicomponent recipe - with cystitis; in Chinese medicine - diuretic for nephritis, diabetes, male and female infertility, decoction - for eye diseases. In folk medicine - fixing with dyspepsia, diarrhea, dysentery; decoction, infusion - with akhiliya; powder - anti-inflammatory in colitis, gastric and duodenal ulcers. In Lithuania - for tumors of the gastrointestinal tract; in Armenia (in the form of lotions) - with conjunctivitis; in Turkmenistan - expectorant.

Salvia officinalis (Salvia from lat. Salvere - to heal) is a perennial semi-shrub from the labiate family, 30--70 cm high. The stems are among several, branched, tetrahedral, strongly leafy, woody at the base. The leaves are opposite, petiolate, oblong, with a finely reticulated surface, gray-green.

Flowers on short pedicels, collected 6-10 in false whorls, blue-violet, forming an apical spike-shaped inflorescence. The flowers secrete sweet odorous nectar. The whole plant is fragrant. Blooms in June - July. Nectar.

The birthplace of sage is the Mediterranean countries, where it grows on dry mountain slopes.

Leaves collected during the flowering period are used. The smell of the dried plant is fragrant, especially when rubbed, the taste is bitter-spicy, slightly astringent.

Essential oil (up to 2.5%) containing cineole, thujone, salven, alkaloids was found in the leaves; tannins and bitter substances, ursolic, oleanolic acids and resinous substances, phytoncides that are active against mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Sage leaves have a disinfectant, anti-inflammatory, astringent, hemostatic, emollient and sweat-limiting effect.

It is used as an infusion and tincture of leaves for rinsing the mouth, with stomatitis, catarrh of the upper respiratory tract, with angina and gynecological diseases in the form of therapeutic douches.

In Bulgaria, sage leaves are used as a means of limiting perspiration, are indicated for night sweats in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis; women in menopause, as well as a means of reducing lactation in nursing mothers; in addition, with gastritis and colitis, stomach ulcers, flatulence, inflammation of the liver and gallbladder in the form of an aqueous infusion (2 tablespoons of chopped grass, brew 400 ml of boiling water, leave for 4-6 hours, take 20-30 ml every 3-4 hours). In case of inflammation of the respiratory tract, inhalations from sage essential oil are recommended (1-2 g of oil should be dropped into boiling water and inhaled vapors)

In Poland, sage medicinal is also widely used in medical practice as an anti-inflammatory, disinfectant, emollient, astringent and reduces sweating. Externally used for hair loss.

In the GDR, sage is used widely and in many ways as a remedy for strengthening the central nervous system, for hand trembling, against night sweats, as a means of reducing lactation, etc. (Dorfler, Roselt, 1964).

Sage wine is also used for medicinal purposes: sage leaves - 80 g, wine - 1 liter. Infuse for 8 days, take 20-30 ml after meals.

In Austria, sage leaves are also used in medical practice, in which Austrian researchers, in addition to other active substances, found the PP factor and B vitamins, a substance that acts in the same way as estrogen hormone (follicular hormone).

The anti-perspirant effect of this plant has long been noticed by doctors, which occurs relatively quickly after taking sage tea, or tincture, and reaches a maximum after 2 hours. The inhibition of perspiration sometimes lasts all day. The most effective sage is considered for night sweats in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. It can also provide valuable assistance to women during lactation. Sage tea or tincture, taken for several days as directed by a doctor, stops lactation. In addition, in Austria, sage is used for diseases of the stomach and intestines (tannins), for catarrh of the throat, sore throat, as an analgesic in the form of rinses. Sage is used in the form of infusion, tincture, powder. This plant should not be taken in high doses, long time and without instructions from a doctor, as there may be poisoning and irritation of the mucous membranes.

In Indian medicine, the plant is used as an aromatic astringent and tonic (Chopra et al., 1956).

In domestic folk medicine, sage is also highly valued, sage leaves are used as a remedy for gastritis, colitis, liver and kidney disease, bronchitis, as an expectorant, emollient and diuretic; with shaking paralysis (with this disease, it is recommended to simmer the infusion of sage for a long time, take it orally and make sage baths). The green leaves, dried without stems, are also considered useful in bad memory, night sweats and dropsy. Sage is most widely used in the form of rinses for sore throats, gingivitis, ulcers in the corners of the mouth (especially in children), mumps, etc. It is used as a decoction, infusion, tincture, powder. The fresh herb is applied externally for tumors.

In domestic folk medicine, sage tincture has long been used: 3 tablespoons of grass, 800 g of vodka and 400 ml of water, insist for 40 days in a closed glass vessel. Take 1 tablespoon in half with water in the morning and on an empty stomach. This tincture is recommended for the elderly to prolong life and stimulate the nervous system. After a year of storage, sage loses its properties.

The ancient physicians Hippocrates, Dioscorides, and others considered sage to be a "sacred herb" and the most useful medicine, especially for female infertility. In Egypt, after epidemics, women were forced to eat sage in order to multiply the people more quickly. With infertility, sage juice with a small amount of salt was recommended (P. Engalychev, 1848).

4. Field mint

Field mint is a perennial plant from the mint family with long creeping rhizomes. The stem is prostrate, rarely erect, 15-80 cm high, branched, sometimes reddish, hairy-fluffy. The leaves are lanceolate, sharp at the apex, serrate-toothed along the edge, pubescent. The flowers are small, lilac or lilac-pink, collected in many-flowered, spherical false whorls in the axils of the upper leaves, on hairy pedicels. Calyx campanulate, often purple, hairy.

Blooms in June - October. Field mint is distributed almost throughout the entire European part of the country, in Western and Eastern Siberia, in the Far East, as well as in the Caucasus, in the Crimea, and Central Asia. Grows in fields, wet meadows, along the banks of rivers, canals, ditches, lakes, swampy areas, pastures, orchards and orchards. The aerial part of mint contains up to 2 / o of essential oil, the main components of which are menthol and various terpenes, in inflorescences the amount of essential oil reaches 6 / o. In addition, carotene, flavonoids, organic acids, rutin, betaine, phytoncides, tannins were found. As a result of studies on the chemical composition of Asian mint, it was found that the highest content of ascorbic acid in the leaves is noted in the stem phase. When salting cabbage with quarters and heads of cabbage, mint is one of the the best means contributing to long-term storage of the product. In addition, it gives the cabbage a high taste. Mint drink is a good substitute for natural tea. Kvass prepared with mint acquires new taste qualities and lasts longer. Mint decoctions are used as an aromatic substance in baking gingerbread and other confectionery. The leaves and flowers of the plant are added as a seasoning to salads, soups, fish and vegetable dishes. Adding mint to milk prevents it from sourness and extends its shelf life. In the 17th century, peppermint was bred by hybridization, which is bred for essential oil and for the production of menthol. It is found in the wild. The food uses peppermint, apple, water, curly, long-leaved.

5. Shepherd's bag ordinary

Shepherd's purse is an annual herbaceous plant from the cruciferous family. It is impossible to confuse this plant with any other, although it has a very polymorphic appearance.

The stem of the shepherd's purse is often branched, up to 30-60 cm tall. The leaves are basal, pinnatipartite, narrowed into a petiole, forming a rosette. Stem leaves sessile, alternate. All of them are located in such a way that water flows down to the root. The plant takes on the appearance of a shepherd's bag at the time of fruiting: a triangular pod with a dent in the middle reminds us of an old shepherd's bag or pouch. The flowers are small, white, with four cross-shaped petals, collected at the top of the stem. Blooms in April - August. The fruits ripen in May - September. It grows like a weed almost throughout the country. The shepherd's purse was used by the doctors of ancient Greece and ancient rome. she is popular today. The leaves contain choline and acetylcholine, which are necessary in the treatment of liver diseases, tannins, organic acids (malic, fumaric, tartaric, citric and specific bursic). essential oils, tyramine, isotin, saponins, naphthoquinone. rhamnoglycoside hissopin, vitamins A, K, B2, C (up to 170-200 mg%), carotene, calcium and phosphorus salts, nicotinic acid, phytoncides and trace elements: iron, chromium. manganese, copper, titanium, aluminum. Up to 28-33% of non-drying fatty oil and a small amount of allyl mustard oil were found in the seeds. Tender and tasty young leaves are used for food. Salads, mashed potatoes, soups, borscht, cabbage soup, stuffing for pies are prepared from them. They are fried with meat or added dried as a powder to the first and second courses. Old coarsened greens make a good broth. Young leaves have a slightly pungent taste. which gives the dishes a peculiar piquancy. A substitute for mustard or pepper is prepared from oilcake or seeds. The shepherd's bag is prepared for the future. The leaves are dried at a temperature of 100 - 120 C or salted, sometimes with other herbs or vegetables. Shepherd's Purse can be grown in flower pots and boxes. It should be remembered that a leaf from diseased plants, as well as those damaged by a poisonous fungus, cannot be used as food.

We are so accustomed to meadow clover that we do not even notice it. It grows on lawns, and on the edges, and on the roadsides, and on the banks of rivers, in ditches, along the edges of fields. Its trifoliate leaves and red head are a small treasure. Clover is the most valuable fodder plant. Pets need to be fed, and clover gives a lot of green mass, which is very important in a short, often cool and rainy summer. In Europe, it began to be specially grown from the 14th century.

Now 12-15 species of fodder clover are grown, many of which are no longer known in the wild. This is the most valuable fodder plant in the world, and it ranks first among fodder crops.

In Australia, since the mid-20s of our century, underground clover, a Mediterranean species of clover, has become the main pasture plant. He took root in the conditions of the Australian drought because he adapted to endure it in a special way. The self-pollinating flowers of this clover species burrow into the soil towards the end of flowering, where the beans ripen.

The red head of the clover is an inflorescence of numerous, curiously arranged flowers. The upper petal is larger, two are extended forward and at the bottom there are two more petals fused together, in which there are 10 stamens and a pistil. There is a lot of nectar in the flowers and bees are always circling around them. By the end of summer, beans with one or two small yellow or purple seeds ripen.

Clover is also useful to humans. Dried, crushed flower heads are a good dressing for soup. Young stems and leaves can be added to vegetable salads. After all, inflorescences and leaves contain many useful substances: essential and fatty oils, vitamins C, B, E, carotene, resinous substances. Clover is a medicinal plant. In folk medicine, clover flowers and leaves are infused and drunk as a diaphoretic, diuretic, antiseptic, as a tonic after a long illness and anemia, with lung diseases, bronchitis and asthma. Burns, abscesses and joint pains are also treated with clover decoction.

7. Dill garden

Description of the plant. Dill is an annual herbaceous plant of the umbrella family, 40--150 cm high. The main root is thin, branched. The stem is erect or slightly curving, branched, rounded, with alternating longitudinal light green (or almost white) and green stripes, often with a thin whitish layer of wax coating. The leaves are alternate, three times - four times pinnately dissected, 5-30 cm long, 4-25 cm wide.

Lower leaves with long petioles (4-12 cm), middle or upper leaves short-petiolate or sessile. Inflorescence - a complex multi-beam umbrella with a diameter of 7 - 30 cm; wrappers and no wrappers. The flowers are small, bisexual, five-membered; petals are yellow, with a narrow apex wrapped inward. The fruit is a vislocarp, which breaks up when ripe into two semi-fruits (mericarp); semi-fruits (seeds) elliptical or broadly elliptical, 3-7 mm long, 1.5-4 mm wide, grayish-brown. The aerial part of the plant is characterized by a fragrant “dill” smell of essential oil, a sweetish-spicy taste.

Numerous varieties of dill of foreign and domestic selection are known. In our country, 5 varieties of dill are zoned: Gribovsky, Uzbeksky 243, Armenian 269, Superdukat OE, Kaskelensky.

Dill blooms in June-August, bears fruit in August-September.

Medicinal raw materials are the fruits of dill garden.

Habitats. Spreading. Dill grows wild in Asia Minor, Iran, North Africa, and India. Cultivated in all European countries. We have a widespread culture in most areas. As a wild plant, it is found almost throughout the Caucasus, in places in the European part, in Siberia and Central Asia.

Garden dill is often found near housing, in vegetable gardens, along the outskirts of fields and in crops, along roadsides: roads and wastelands as a wild and weed plant. It grows in open habitats: in steppes, meadows, fields, forest edges, from low plains and sea coasts to the middle belt of mountains. Prefers fertile, well-fertilized soils, but can sometimes be found on a relatively poor substrate (on sand, along the canvas). railway etc.).

As a weed, dill is found in the form of small thickets and solitary plants. Therefore, wild-growing populations of dill are not a raw material base. As a medicinal plant, it is cultivated in specialized state farms.

Cultivation. Dill is propagated by seeds; the most common spring sowing, they are sown before winter. Dill is picky about soil moisture, but with an excess of water, the yield and essential oil content are reduced; resistant to frost, however, more favorable conditions for the development of seedlings are noted at 18--20 ° C. During flowering and seed formation, the demand for heat is maximum.

Dill is a light-loving, long-day plant: the transition to flowering occurs when the length of the light stump is at least 14 hours.

Procurement and quality of raw materials. Harvesting of dill fruits (as a medicinal raw material) begins with yellowing of the lower leaves and browning of the fruits of the central umbrella; at enough high level agricultural technology, their yield can reach 8--18 kg / ha.

Medicinal raw materials are mature, dried fruits of dill. Semi-elliptical or broadly elliptical, 3-7 mm long, 1.5-4 mm wide, grayish-brown, matte. Seeds are elliptical, with a groove. The smell of fruits is fragrant, peculiar (“dill”), the taste is sweetish-spicy, slightly burning. The content of essential oil in raw materials must be at least 2.5%.

Chemical composition. The fruits of dill are rich in essential (from 2 to 4%) and fatty oils (from 10 to 20%). The main component of the essential oil is carvone (40--60%), there are also dillapiol (19--40%), phellandrene, dihydrocarvone, carveol, dihydrocarveol, isoeugenol, etc. The maximum amount of carvone was noted on the 7-9th day after flowering, in green, well-developed fruits or in the phase of wax ripeness and browning of the seeds of the central umbrella. Fatty oil contains up to 93% fatty acid glycerides, including petroselinic, palmitic, oleic, linoleic. Coumarins, phenolcarboxylic acids, flavonoids, resins, wax, protein (14--15%) were also found in the fruits.

Dill herb contains 0.56--1.5% essential oil with a lower content of carvone (up to 16%) compared to the essential oil of fruits; it is rich in vitamins C, B1, B2, PP, P, provitamin A, salts of potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, contains folic acid, flavonoids (quercetin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol).

Application in medicine. Herbal preparations from dill fruits increase the secretion of the digestive glands, have an antispasmodic, expectorant, choleretic, diuretic, sedative effect, regulate intestinal motor activity, and have some antibacterial effect; noted the ability to cause increased lactation in lactating women, as well as a distinct coronary dilating and peripheral vasodilatory effect.

Dill fruits are used as an infusion for flatulence, as an expectorant, antispasmodic, anesthetic, mild diuretic, and also in cosmetics for pustular diseases of the face. Dill leaves are recommended for use in hypochromic anemia due to the high content of ascorbic acid, carotene and iron.

Infusion of dill fruits. 1 tablespoon of fruits is poured into a glass of boiling water, insisted for 10-15 minutes and filtered. Take orally a tablespoon 3-6 times a day 15 minutes before meals.

Usually does not cause side effects. When treating with dill after 5-6 days, it is recommended to take a break for 2-3 days.

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Information service of Novopokrovskaya station

, Kuban

page 1: Medicinal plants of the Krasnodar Territory	We advise:
page 2: Medicinal plants of the Krasnodar Territory
page 3: Medicinal plants of the Krasnodar Territory
page 4: Medicinal plants of the Krasnodar Territory
page 5:
page 6: Medicinal plants of Russia
page 7: Medicinal plants of Russia
page 8: Names of medicinal plants (A-D)
page 9: Names of medicinal plants (D-K)
page 10: Names of medicinal plants (L-Z)

Medicinal plants that grow throughout the Krasnodar Territory, as well as on the slopes of the Greater Caucasus and in the steppes of the Kuban.

calamus ordinary.
Perennial herbaceous plant. It is used to improve digestion, with gastrointestinal diseases.
Marshmallow officinalis.
Perennial herbaceous plant. Used as an anti-inflammatory, expectorant.
Barberry common. Branching shrub. Used for cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, chronic hepatitis.
Henbane black. Biennial winter plant. It is used as an antispasmodic and pain reliever. Henbane black poisonous.
Birch. Deciduous tree. Used as a diuretic and choleretic agent. Chaga (mushroom) preparations are used for gastritis and for malignant tumors of the stomach, lungs and other organs.
hawthorn blood red. Tall shrub. Hawthorn preparations (tincture of flowers, fruit extract) are used as a cardiotonic agent, for functional disorders of cardiac activity, heart failure.
Black elderberry. Bush. The flowers have diaphoretic, diuretic, astringent, and mild disinfectant properties. Infusion of flowers is used for colds, as a diaphoretic. Outwardly, they are used for rinsing with inflammatory diseases of the mouth and throat.
Cornflower blue. An annual or biennial plant. It is used as a mild diuretic in diseases of the kidneys and bladder.
Highlander pepper. An annual plant. It is used as a hemostatic agent for uterine bleeding, as well as for hemorrhoids.
Highlander bird (knotweed). An annual plant. Used as a hemostatic agent.
spring adonis. Herbaceous perennial. Used to treat chronic heart failure, cardiac neurosis, insomnia and epilepsy .
Elecampane high. Perennial herbaceous plant. It is used as an expectorant in diseases of the respiratory tract, as well as for the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Dioscorea Caucasian. Perennial herbaceous dioecious vine. The drug diosponin is used. It reduces blood cholesterol and lowers blood pressure.
Oak ordinary. Deciduous tree. A decoction of oak bark is used to rinse the mouth, throat, pharynx and larynx.
Datura vulgaris. An annual plant. Preparations from it are mainly used to treat bronchial asthma. High poisonous plant.
Common cocklebur. An annual plant. Used for diseases of the thyroid gland, endemic goiter (lack of iodine).
Hypericum perforatum. Perennial herbaceous plant. The preparations have astringent and antimicrobial properties.
Viburnum ordinary. Shrub or small tree. Preparations from the bark of viburnum lower blood pressure. Fruits increase the contraction of the heart muscle. The fruits contain ascorbic acid, after frost they are eaten.
Mullein densely flowered. Biennial herbaceous plant. An infusion of mullein corollas is used as an expectorant, emollient and astringent for coughs. To mitigate inflammation of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach and intestines.
Stinging nettle. Perennial, herbaceous, dioecious, wind-pollinated plant. Nettle preparations are used orally as a hemostatic and blood clotting agent. Externally, fresh nettle leaves are used to treat festering wounds and chronic varicose ulcers. With hair loss. Used for food.
Calendula vulgaris. An annual plant. It is taken orally as an anti-inflammatory and antiseptic agent for diseases of the liver and gallbladder.
May lily of the valley. Perennial herbaceous plant. Tincture and extract of lily of the valley herb is used for heart neurosis, as well as for cardiac insufficiency. Apply with caution.

Sections: Primary School

Lesson Objectives:

• introduce medicinal plants of the Krasnodar Territory;
• talk about the medicinal properties of plants;
• to teach children to take care of the wealth of our region;
• to form an idea of ​​the diversity of plants;
• to cultivate a culture of behavior in nature;
• to activate the cognitive activity of students;
• develop respect for nature.

Equipment:

• illustrations depicting medicinal plants;
• plant name cards
• exhibits from the school museum (towels with embroidery);
• herbarium;
• handout for the crossword puzzle;
• multimedia presentation.

During the classes

1. Organizing moment.

2. Message of the topic of the lesson.

Teacher: (Slides 1-10 Appendix 2)

Under a huge blue roof
The red sun lives
And at night among the starry clouds
Dancing star dance.

And the forest lives under the blue sky
And rain, and thunderstorms, and flowers,
And apple trees in the green garden,
Your family lives and you.

Big, huge this house,
Look how many birds, flowers and people in it,
And the name of our house
We know everything

(Children in chorus) - nature.

Teacher: Plants surround us. Why do people need them?

(Nutrition , clothing, construction, household items, etc.) Plants decorate our lives. Often people depict plants in their works of art, decorate their clothes with them.

In our school museum there are many exhibits of Kuban folk embroidery, decorated with floral ornaments or flowers. Here are some embroidery designs.

Today in the lesson we will talk about a small particle of nature. What group of plants will be discussed, you have to guess for yourself.

3. Work on a new theme.

Teacher. You have blank sheets of paper on your desks. You must write down the names of the plants that we will talk about.

What do you know about this plant?

Valerian officinalis (Slide 11 Appendix 2). Valuable medicinal raw materials are rhizomes with roots coming out of them. Valerian and its preparations are used as a sedative for agitation and insomnia.

Cornflower (Slide 12 Appendix 2). In medicine, the marginal flowers of cornflower are used as a mild diuretic. In folk medicine - for jaundice and eye diseases.

Violet (Slide 13 Appendix 2). It is used for colds, gastrointestinal diseases, for healing wounds, ulcers, boils.

Hops Slide 14 Appendix 2). It is used to improve digestion, with neurosis and insomnia, as a sedative. Used to treat diseases of the kidneys, liver and biliary tract.

Chamomile (Slide 15 Appendix 2). In folk medicine, chamomile infusion is often used as an analgesic and sedative. With migraines, they prefer to prescribe powder from crushed chamomile inflorescences instead of infusion.

If you happen to catch a cold,
There will be a cough, a fever will rise,
Pull the mug towards you, in which it smokes
Slightly bitter, fragrant decoction.

Teacher. Some familiar plants (fruits, berries) are also medicinal.

Walnut (Slide 16 Appendix 2). The fruits are used for atherosclerosis, cerebral sclerosis and hypertension. The pericarp and leaves in the form of an infusion are taken orally as an astringent and anthelmintic, as well as for certain skin diseases.

Watermelon (Slide 17 Appendix 2). In folk medicine, watermelon pulp or juice is often given to quench thirst in febrile conditions, watermelon “milk” is specially prepared for the same purpose: crushed watermelon seeds are rubbed into cold water. Used in diet therapy, with anemia, as a strong diuretic.

Where did you find this plant?

Pelargonium (geranium) (Slide 18 Appendix 2). Pelargonium tincture helps with pain in the heart, with gastritis, bronchitis. A decoction of this plant helps as a rinse for stomatitis and sore throat. Geranium leaf helps with ear colds. Pelargonium helps well with stress, neuroses and insomnia.

Teacher. Houseplants can also have medicinal properties and are used in traditional medicine.

Chlorophytum (Slide 19 Appendix 2). The main feature of the plant is air purification from harmful microorganisms.

Kalanchoe pinnate (Slide 20 Appendix 2). Apply with cough, sore throat, furunculosis. For rheumatism and deep cuts, it can relieve toothache and improve appetite.

Saintpaulia (violet) (Slide 21 Appendix 2). It has an anti-inflammatory effect, is used to treat bronchitis and whooping cough.

Tradescantia (Slide 22 Appendix 2). Heals wounds, cuts, scratches. Quickly stops the bleeding, reduces swelling and the size of the bruise.

Aloe (Slide 23 Appendix 2). It is used for myopia and inflammation of the eyelids. It is used to treat bronchial ulcers, stomach diseases, pharyngitis. As a tonic.

Golden mustache (calissia) (Slide 24 Appendix 2). It is used to treat stomach ulcers and bronchial asthma. Used for diabetes, heart disease.

- What is the topic of our Cuban studies lesson?

4. Physical education.

If I name a herbaceous plant - you need to sit down, a shrub - spread your hand to the sides, a tree - raise your hands up. And if not a plant - clap your hands.

5. Consolidation of the studied material.

1) The game "Relate the names of plants with their images."

(On the board are the names of plants and drawings. You need to make pairs.)

Children talk about plants.

Birch
Blackberry
Clover
cornflower
Chamomile
Currant
Chicory
Hop

2) Work in pairs.

Crossword.

1. Raspberries
2. strawberries
3. Nettle
4. Lily of the valley
5. Plantain
6. yarrow
7. Dandelion
8. Chamomile

The teacher shows a plant from the herbarium, the children write the name in a crossword puzzle on the card.

What is a herbarium for?

Teacher: Where is the herbarium used? (At school, at the museum.)

Local history museums always have an exposition dedicated to the plants of the area.

What word did you get in the crossword puzzle?

Children. Medicine.

6. Summing up the lesson.

What plants did we talk about in class?

- Name them.

- How should plants be collected for treatment?

I saw a young sprout - do not touch and do not tear.
Walk by, smile. Years will pass
A healing herb will grow in this place.
Protect the green forest, do not offend anyone!
Do not destroy the trees, save the flowers in the forest!
Have you come to nature for help?
Be kind and take care of her, do not break the branches, do not touch.
Remember: it takes many years for the bush to grow and help you.
You, my friend, look do not let us down!
Promise to be truthful and kind!
Don't hurt a bird or a cricket!
Love flowers, forests, expanse of fields -
All that is called your homeland!

Used materials:

1. Site materials http://1september.ru
2. Medicinal plants: The most complete encyclopedia / Lebedeva A. F., Dzhurenko N. I., Isaikina A. P., Sobko V. G.
3. Rare and endangered plants of the Kuban / S. A. Litvinskaya, A. P. Tilba, R. G. Filimonova

The species diversity of plants in a particular area depends on many factors. The main role is played by climatic conditions and soil characteristics. For the convenience of scientists, all the territories of Russia are conditionally divided into several climatic zones, however, many experts and amateurs talk about the diversity of flora and fauna exclusively within one region or another. Today we will talk about what medicinal plants of the Krasnodar Territory are characteristic of it, consider the most common and well-known cultures of this type in the Kuban.

It is believed that the Kuban is a very fertile territory for various plants, including medicinal crops. So in the Krasnodar Territory you can find about one hundred and sixty varieties of such representatives of the flora.

Chamomile

One of the most common medicinal crops in this area is considered to be fragrant chamomile, which is an annual. Preparations based on it are used internally to achieve an antispasmodic effect in the correction of ailments of the digestive organs, as well as spastic and chronic colitis, which are accompanied by fermentation processes in the intestines. In addition, the consumption of such compounds is effective in the treatment of anacid gastritis. Chamomile also has a good choleretic effect.

Field stalk

This plant belongs to perennials, it can reach eighty centimeters in height.
A tincture or decoction based on the roots of the harrow has an excellent laxative and hemostatic effect. Such drugs are advised to be used in the treatment of hemorrhoids. Reception of compositions from the harrow helps to stop bleeding, reduce pain, optimize stool, as well as compact hemorrhoids.

creeping thyme

This drug is familiar to many under the name thyme, it is a shrub with a fairly strong and pleasant aroma.

The herb of this culture is used to prepare a decoction or extract, such compounds have an excellent expectorant effect in the treatment of bronchitis and other ailments of the upper respiratory tract. In addition, they are used as an analgesic in the elimination of sciatica and neuritis.

Cumin regular

This culture is a biennial naked herbaceous plant. For therapeutic purposes, cumin seeds are most often used, which effectively eliminate atony and pain in the intestines. Also, such compounds cope with flatulence and can be used to enhance the secretory activity of the digestive glands. Compositions based on cumin seeds well increase the tone and peristalsis of the intestines, help eliminate fermentation processes, as well as decay.

Stinging nettle

This is a fairly popular medicinal crop, which belongs to herbaceous perennials. The preparations of such a plant have a remarkable hemostatic effect and increase the level of blood coagulation quite well. Nettle leaves can also be used externally. This remedy helps to cure festering wounds and varicose-chronic ulcers. Nettle is also actively used in cosmetology, for example, for hair loss.

black elderberry

This is a fairly common medicinal shrub, which is actively used by both official and folk medicine. Preparations based on its flowers have an intense diaphoretic, diuretic, and astringent effect. Such compositions can also be used to achieve a disinfectant effect. In addition, infusions of flowers are often used for rinsing in the correction of inflammatory lesions of the oral cavity or throat.

Mordovnik ordinary

This medicinal plant belongs to herbaceous perennials. Preparations obtained from mordovnik have a rather strong stimulating effect on the activity of the central nervous system. In addition, such compounds are able to increase the reflex excitability of the spinal cord and tone the skeletal muscles.

Plantain large

This medicinal culture is widespread in many territories of Russia, including the Krasnodar Territory. Medicines based on plantain have a lot of medicinal qualities, official medicine uses them in the treatment of chronic gastritis, as well as ulcerative lesions of the digestive tract, if such ailments are characterized by normal or reduced acidity.

Chaga

This medicinal plant is a sterile form of mown tinder fungus. Preparations derived from such a fungus are used as a non-specific drug for the correction of gastritis, gastric ulcers, polyposis, as well as precancerous conditions and certain types of oncological lesions.

Horsetail

This medicinal crop is a perennial spore plant. For therapeutic purposes, decoctions or a liquid extract of horsetail are usually used, which have an intense diuretic effect in case of heart or kidney ailments, combined with dropsy and other congestion.

We examined only a small proportion of the green vegetation that is made up of medicinal plants of the Kuban, and also indicated only a certain number of their useful qualities.

Hope Lazarchik
Project "Medicinal plants of Kuban"

Relevance of the problem:

At present, parents are very concerned about the health of their children, because every year new infections and diseases are detected in the country. At the peak of the disease, we see huge queues in pharmacies and clinics. Therefore, from our point of view (teachers), the most important thing is the formation of a child’s right attitude to his health, healthy lifestyle skills. But how to do this? How to help a child protect himself in a world full of dangers and surprises? growing plants for your health? It is impossible to solve this problem by transferring knowledge; it is necessary to help him think about his health. The child must answer the questions himself, discovering a variety of fascinating world of nature, developing observation in the knowledge of the world around.

Target: Deepen children's environmental knowledge, understanding of diversity medicinal plants of the native land to cultivate a humane attitude towards nature.

Tasks:

1. Cause an emotional mood in children to participate in project.

2. Introduce children to medicinal plants of the region, their structure, growth sequence, useful properties, life safety rules during the project.

3. To develop ecological thinking in children, the ability to realize the consequences of their actions.

4. To form the ability of children to draw conclusions based on practical experience

5. To cultivate a caring attitude towards the nature of the native land.

Children's age: 6 years.

Type project:

By time: short term.

According to the dominant project activities: cognitive-research.

By nature of contacts: in contact with the families of pupils.

By number of participants: collective.

Implemented activities: N.O.D.: « meadow plants» (cognitive); "On the green in the meadow" (artistic - aesthetic).

Conversations: « Flora of Kuban» , "I take care of my own health", "Green Pharmacy", "What's happened "Red Book?".

Creative storytelling by topics: "Describe plant» , "My favorite medicinal plant» , "Forest Pharmacy for Animals".

productive activity:

"Leaves medicinal plants» (sculpting - bas-relief).

Reading fiction literature:

Riddles about plants, "Daisies" G. Novitskaya, "Dandelion" E. Blaginina, "Bird cherry" V. Zhukov, "Dandelion" Z. Aleksandrova, "May - Grass" M. Sukhorukova, "Lily of the valley" E. Serova.

Joint activities with family th: Making a herbarium medicinal plants, stand design « medicinal plants» (drawings - co-creation of children and parents).

Reflection project activities: the implementation of the tasks was carried out with the close interaction of parents and kindergarten, interest in research activities has grown significantly, children have learned the need to take care of their health, beneficial features some plants, respect for the nature of the native land, life safety rules during project. Bottom line the project became"Herbarium medicinal plants» , booth decoration drawings « medicinal plants» .

St. John's wort.

perennial herbaceous plant. Used to rinse the mouth with inflammation of the gums, stomatitis, and gastric diseases. The decoction is used orally for headaches, coughs.

Calendula.

Annual plant, flowers orange color, collected in baskets, which are used for medicinal purposes. It is used for diseases of the throat, for disinfection of wounds and abrasions, for the treatment of heart diseases, stomach.

Nettle. perennial plant, Flowers Are Collected In Brushes. It is used as a vitamin, antipyretic agent. Used to treat wounds, skin, to wash the head.

Biennial plant, high, with large leaves. Flowers are collected in spherical pictures with bristles. Used to treat coughs, wounds, liver, kidneys, strengthen hair.

Coltsfoot.

herbaceous perennial plant. Flowers appear before leaves, collected in a basket. Used to treat stomach, cough, strengthen hair.

St. John's wort.

perennial plant. Used to treat heart, stomach, toothache, headache, cough.

perennial lemon scented plant. It is used for the treatment of the heart, wound healing, as a sedative, lowers blood pressure, stimulates appetite.

Peppermint.

perennial plant, with a specific smell. A decoction of mint excites the brain. Used to treat heart disease. Used to treat flu, insomnia. Used in cooking as a seasoning.

Dandelion.

perennial undersized plant. Flowers are collected in a basket. In medicine, both horses and leaves with flowers are used. Used to improve appetite, treat burns, skin diseases, to improve blood composition.

Walnut.

Fruit tree. For treatment use fruits and leaves. Leaves tincture is drunk for stomach diseases, to improve metabolism, for skin diseases, gargle with sore throats.

Shepherd's bag. perennial plant. Used to treat skin diseases, has wound healing properties, for the treatment of the stomach.

Plantain.

perennial plant, flowers in the form of a cone. healing properties leaves have. It has analgesic properties, antimicrobial, so the leaves are applied to wounds. Used for toothache and headaches.

Wormwood.

perennial plant. Used for bruises and wounds, insomnia and headache. Increases appetite.

Pharmaceutical camomile.

Annual plant, flowers in baskets, has a fragrance. Used to gargle with sore throats, treat the stomach, chamomile tea at night strengthens sleep.

Annual plant contains essential oils. Used to treat the intestines, stimulates appetite, resists microorganisms, heals wounds.

perennial plant. It is used as a sedative, tonic, wound healing agent, for the treatment of allergies.

perennial plant. It has a specific smell, with very thin stems. Used to treat wounds, and as an antibacterial, expectorant