Homemade solar power plant. DIY solar power plant

Scientific and technological progress does not stand still. People have learned to use the power of nature and its resources, which are completely free and do not impoverish nature. The use of wind, water and sun energy is absolutely harmless to nature, which makes this fact especially valuable. Solar panels are a great way to save on bills. utilities. Solar panels work on the energy of the sun, absorbing sunlight, they produce energy.

Assembling a solar power station with your own hands

It is not difficult to buy a solar power plant for generating electricity for your home, you can find many different offers on the market, but the cost of such equipment is quite high. Buying a system is not available to everyone. There is an alternative - making a solar plant with your own hands.

The strength of the current that a photocell can create will depend on the number of solar cells that hit the surface. The number of these elements directly depends on a number of factors:

• battery size;
• strength and intensity of sunlight;
• duration of use;
• efficiency of the building;
• temperature indicators.

The amount of energy generated depends on the size of the battery. The larger the construction area, the more energy is generated and the higher the cost of the equipment.

Depending on the cost and power of the equipment, solar panels for converting solar energy into electricity are divided into:

• Low power designs - the power of this equipment will be able to charge the tablet and other electronic devices. But with a high cost and such a low power, this equipment is not very popular.
• Universal designs - most often purchased for use in hiking and camping. This is a more powerful design that can power several electrical appliances at the same time.
• Solar panels are flat photographic plates mounted on a special basis. They are installed on the roofs of houses and, thanks to a complex device, allow you to fully cover all the needs for electrical energy.

DIY solar power plant

Already cease to be a rarity and curiosity solar power plants in everyday life. This design increases the comfort of living, provides independence from the work of utilities. With a stock of basic knowledge in electrical engineering, you can make a solar power station with your own hands and at the same time save tangible money. There are three types of solar power plants:

• autonomous;
• network;
• combined.

To provide the house with electricity, an autonomous solar power plant is considered the best option.

Any solar power plant producing alternating current, consists of four main components:

• Photomodules - the number and area of ​​​​photocells is determined depending on the needs of the house and solar activity in a particular geographical area. You can mount the modules on your own, you will only have to buy silicon photocells or buy solar blocks, provided that the dimensions of the blocks match all the requirements.
• Batteries - needed to prevent power outages. In bad weather and cloudy days, batteries can support the supply of electricity on days without sun.
• Controllers are a kind of "sentries" that control batteries from overcharging. When the battery is fully charged, they will reduce the current generated by the solar panel to the amount necessary to maintain self-discharge. In a home-made installation, this equipment is necessary to extend the service life.
• Inverters are special devices that convert direct current into alternating current, which powers all the appliances in the house. In a private solar power plant we are talking about sinusoidal batteries. This option is cheaper and suitable for home use. When there is a surplus of electricity, inverters act as a link between the home and communal energy system. They redirect excess electricity to the public grid.
• Cables - they play an important role. All outdoor cables must be of high quality and resistant to bad weather and temperature extremes. To reduce energy losses, a short path and a special section, not less than four millimeters, are recommended.

Assembly diagram of a solar power plant

Solar modules should be installed on the roof of the house. The structure is located in accordance with the instructions: the location is at right angles to the incident light, the angle of deviation should not be more than fifteen degrees. Provided that year-round use of the solar installation is planned, the batteries are located at an angle of +15 degrees to the geographic latitude. If the battery is used only in the summer, it is required to adhere to the angle of inclination - minus fifteen degrees to latitude. You can ask someone who is competent in this matter to help arrange the solar panels correctly. Batteries are installed one above the other, taking into account how the shadow will fall, so as not to block the access of the sun.

When the panels are arranged in several rows, a certain distance should be observed between the devices. In this case, there will be no shading. Fix the panels in four, and preferably in six places. Batteries are fixed only with "native" clamps, otherwise there will be no guarantee of reliable fastening.

Assemble a solar power plant with your hands

To save on the installation of equipment that a team of specialists will produce for a certain cost, you must follow the rules and listen to the recommendations of experienced people. Otherwise, the photopanels will not be able to work with the maximum possible power and the material costs for manufacturing or purchasing will be in vain.

A self-made solar power plant is assembled taking into account the following rules:

• Illumination - the panels must be installed in the most illuminated place without the slightest shading. As a rule, this is the roof of the room or the facade.
• Direction - installation of photovoltaic cells is carried out from the south side of the roof, taking into account the correct angle of inclination. The south side receives maximum solar energy.
• Angle of inclination - for efficiency and maximum efficiency of the panels, it is necessary to take into account the correct angle of inclination in relation to the horizon. The rule for choosing an angle was described above, but if this option is not available for use, a constant angle equal to the geographic latitude is selected.
• Servicing - If solar panel surfaces are allowed to become contaminated, there is a noticeable loss in performance of the panel surface. It is necessary to regularly clean the surface: in summer from dust and leaves, in winter from snow and dirt.
• If the batteries are installed on the ground surface, then it is necessary to raise the structure above the ground by about half a meter.

But in addition to these nuances, the type of roof plays an important role during the installation of the battery.

Home solar power plant with hands, rooftop installation feature

The way the battery is located depends on the roof option. Even the color of the roof plays a significant role. For example, a dark roof warms up more in the sun and causes the solar panel to overheat. If the roof covering has a dark color, a light insert must be provided at the location of the battery. If the photopanel is installed on a flat roof on its own, this process should not cause difficulties. A flat roof is considered the best option for solar panels. For installation, support frames are purchased for convenient positioning of the panel at the right angle. It is much more convenient to take care of the panels and clean their surface on flat roofs.

pitched roofs require a slightly different mounting option. Batteries are installed on special fasteners, taking into account the material from which the roof is made. Each option uses its own mounting material. Also, installation technologies differ in each case. For natural cooling of the solar battery, it is recommended to make a gap between the roof and the equipment, this ensures the circulation of air masses.

Homemade solar power plant

Before the beginning self-manufacturing solar power plant, you need to decide on the material. Most often, the photopanel is based on polycrystalline silicon or single-crystal material. Polycrystalline material has a low efficiency, but a panel made of such material is effective in any solar strength. As for monocrystalline substances, they have higher performance, but significantly reduce efficiency in the absence of the sun in cloudy weather. Because of this, home craftsmen prefer polycrystals.

The following fact should be taken into account: all photocells are purchased from the same manufacturer in order to exclude situations where it is difficult to determine the total power or the elements will have a different shelf life. Some enterprising craftsmen buy kits on online auctions, which means a bargain. In addition to the above, it is necessary to buy conductors that serve as connecting elements for solar cells, soldering devices.

For the body of the panel, light materials are used, such as aluminum corners. Wood can also form the basis for batteries, but given the fact that it will be exposed to endless negative effects, this material is not recommended. It should be remembered that many elements of the installation are sold at auctions, including the finished case. For an external transparent coating, polycarbonate or plexiglass is used. Ideally, any transparent material that does not transmit infrared rays, which degrade the performance of the system, will do.

How to build a solar power plant for your home

After preparing all the materials, you can proceed directly to the assembly of the solar power plant. First, the conductors with solar cells are soldered. Since this procedure is quite laborious and is accompanied by damage to the elements due to their fragility, it is recommended to purchase cells with soldered conductors. But if the product is purchased separately and needs to be connected, there is such an algorithm of action:

• prepare conductors of the required length;
• very carefully move the conductors into the cell;
• apply a special agent to the junction - soldering acid and solder;
• without putting pressure on the crystal, the conductor should be soldered.

The soldering process is painstaking and time consuming.

You can connect elements according to different schemes: in series, in parallel, in series, with a midpoint. This is not important, the main thing is that there are shunt diodes, thanks to which discharge will not occur at night. Before installation, tests are carried out for current, voltage, fixation of elements and sealing. You can seal each cell with a special tool and seal it with plastic.

To cope with such a task as installing a solar power plant with your own hands will help step-by-step instruction in the video. Solar batteries are profitable, affordable and inexpensive. As a result of installing an innovative system, you can not depend on weather conditions when electricity is lost due to strong wind or rain as a result of a short circuit or equipment failure. Solar power plants are convenient.

I decided to bring to your attention an article about how to do solar power plant do it yourself.

The design is different from similar power plants improved electronic stuffing:

• batteries have a large capacity;
• efficient charge controller;
• improved electrical safety;
• more exits;
• digital displays show the amount of consumed and generated electricity.

If you want to make a power plant or you are just interested in the structure of this device, then this article will be of interest to you.

Step 1: What is needed in order to build such a system

The first thing to do when planning a project is to decide, which power you wish to receive from the system. Providing electricity to the whole house would be great, but then this system will be expensive and lose its mobility. My power plant can only power a small LCD TV, a couple of 12W energy-saving light bulbs, a digital receiver, a CD player, and a radio. It is also possible to charge mobile phones and other low-power devices.

It is very important to determine the prices of the components that will be used in the project. I wanted to do everything the best, so I chose the PS-30M 30 Amp Morningstar Charge controller.

This charge controller uses a pulse width modulator to smoothly recharge the battery when the system is fully charged.

For the battery pack was purchased two Trojan T-105s, in one 6 V, and the total voltage 12 V and 225 Ah. The battery capacity is huge and sufficient to power more electrical appliances.

The importance of choosing the main elements of the system lies in the fact that their parameters are necessary to calculate the amount of generated energy. The LCD TV and receiver draw 2.2A DC at 12V, the energy efficient lighting only consumes 1A for a 12W light bulb. While the phone / GPS during charging consumes several times less energy.

Using the TV for 3 hours a day, it will consume 6.6 Ah. Lighting for 4-5 hours consumes up to 4 Ah, while charging portable devices will draw 2 Ah. The total value will be 12.6 Ah. The deep cycle battery charge should not drop below 50% from full capacity. To prolong the life of the batteries in operation, a shorter discharge cycle should be used. Therefore, a battery with 30Ah will suffice.

In my region, sunlight falls on the earth during 6 hours. Therefore, it will take 50 watts from solar panels and approximately 5 hours of solar activity to recharge the batteries.

Using the power formula W \u003d V * A, calculate the average current from the solar panel at a maximum power of 50 W / 17 V = 2.94 A

In order to charge the batteries when using solar panels, it is necessary to spend 13 Ah / 2.94 A = 4.76 hours of direct sunlight.

AT real world everything will be different:

• The panels are covered with protective coatings;
• Overcast weather;
• Battery temperature;
• Cross section of wires;
• Wiring length;
• Other losses.

Therefore, it is more efficient to use a battery with a large capacitive charge. In this case, it is possible to use such a system several times, without consequences for its elements, if the weather conditions the next day are not suitable for efficient charging using solar panels. 225 Ah is more than enough, but it's better to have more than you need.

Step 2: Planning the project

The next step is to plan what the project will look like. Experimenting with options for the design of the installation, various designs were worked out. Microsoft Word was used for design. This will help you understand the layout of the components and reveal aspects of the design that will not be functional.

Two were purchased Turnigy wattmeter, which is most commonly used in aircraft simulations. These intelligent indicators show voltage, current, watt-hours, amp-hours, minimum voltage and maximum current draw, ideal for use in a solar panel system. Using one device, it will be possible to control how many watts of energy and how many ampere-hours per day solar panels produce, and the other - how many watts are used and how much capacitive charge is left in the batteries.

After various layouts of cells that are mounted in separate compartments, external and internal batteries, wide and narrow installations, a variant with an inclined instrument panel, a vertically mounted charge controller and a separate battery pack for ease of transportation was adopted.

Step 3: Making the Battery Case

The first step is to create an external battery pack. Used for construction 12 mm chipboard, the total mass of the structure together with the batteries was 56 kg. Rollers and handles are installed to move the unit.

Having the dimensions of the installation, we will draw a large sheet of chipboard. Then we cut out the elements of the cabinets and assemble them, as shown in the images.

Step 4: Main unit

After the battery pack was assembled, it was time to build the main part. We repeat the procedure: we mark a large sheet of chipboard in size. Cut out everything with wood saw.

This is the easiest way to cut long straight lines. Thus, a large piece of chipboard is broken into smaller pieces that are easy to manage. After using a wood saw, you must use sandpaper to remove burrs.

Instead of a saw, you can use jigsaw, with him work will go faster and easier, but the lines from the jigsaw may not be as smooth.

After all the elements of the panels are cut out, it is necessary to check the conformity of the sizes and shapes to the developed model plan. For the frame of the device we use bars 20*20mm, to connect them we use 30 mm screws.

After completing the main structure, we proceed to the installation of electronic components. First, install the connectors on the front panel, as they are easier to mount. By connecting two sockets for plugs and three for car charging, which are most suitable for powering devices directly from 12V.

The next thing to connect:

• Switches;
• Radio;
• Charge controllers;
• Counters.

The meters supplied by Turnigy are encased in a plastic case that can be easily removed by removing four small screws. The LCD displays of the meters are soldered directly to the board, which means that you do not have to fiddle with soldering a cable from the display to the contact pads on the chip.

For protective displays of counters, we use 3mm plexiglass. To cut it, you can use knife or saw on metal. Protective glass frames are mounted on the front panel and fixed with a hot hot glue.

The project uses chrome-plated metal switches with two positions of operation. Colorful LED rings illuminate the 12V charging sockets.

The charge controller is simply bolted to the back panel. Batteries are the most expensive element of the project, so they need special care.

The rear of the unit houses a host of ports, eight radio inputs/outputs, including four speaker outputs, two preamp outputs, 1 microphone input and 1 subwoofer output.

For more than a decade, humanity has been looking for alternative sources energies capable of at least partially replacing the existing ones. And the most promising of all today are two: wind and solar energy.

True, neither one nor the other can provide continuous production. This is due to the inconsistency of the wind rose and daily-weather-seasonal fluctuations in the intensity of the solar flux.

Today's energy industry offers three main methods for generating electrical energy, but all of them are harmful to the environment in one way or another:

• Fuel power industry- the most environmentally polluted, accompanied by significant emissions of carbon dioxide, soot and useless heat into the atmosphere, causing a reduction in the ozone layer. The extraction of fuel resources for it also causes significant harm to nature.
• hydropower is associated with very significant landscape changes, flooding of useful lands, causing damage to fish resources.
• Nuclear power- the most environmentally friendly of the three, but requires a very significant cost to maintain security. Any accident can be associated with irreparable long-term damage to nature. In addition, it requires special measures for the disposal of used fuel waste.

Strictly speaking, there are several ways to get electricity from solar radiation, but most of them use its intermediate conversion into mechanical, rotating the generator shaft, and only then into electricity.

Such power plants exist, they use Stirling external combustion engines, have good efficiency, but they also have significant disadvantage: to collect as much energy as possible from solar radiation, it is required to manufacture huge parabolic mirrors with systems for tracking the position of the sun.

I must say that there are solutions to improve the situation, but they are all quite expensive.

There are methods that enable the direct conversion of light energy into electric current. And although the phenomenon of the photoelectric effect in the semiconductor selenium was discovered already in 1876, but only in 1953, with the invention of the silicon photocell, did it become possible to create solar panels to generate electricity.

At this time, a theory was already emerging that made it possible to explain the properties of semiconductors and create a practical technology for their industrial production. To date, this has resulted in a real semiconductor revolution.

The operation of a solar battery is based on the semiconductor photoelectric effect. p-n junction, which is essentially a conventional silicon diode. At its conclusions, when illuminated, a photo-emf of 0.5 ~ 0.55 V appears.

When using electric generators and batteries, it is necessary to take into account the differences that exist between. By connecting a three-phase electric motor to the appropriate network, you can triple its output power.

By following certain guidelines, minimal cost according to resources and time, it is possible to manufacture the power part of a high-frequency pulse converter for household needs. You can study the structural and schematic diagrams of such power supplies.

Structurally, each element of the solar battery is made in the form of a silicon wafer with an area of ​​several cm 2, on which a plurality of such photodiodes connected in a single circuit is formed. Each such plate is a separate module, which gives a certain voltage and current under sunlight.

By connecting such modules in a battery and combining them in parallel-series connection, a wide range of output power values ​​can be obtained.

The main disadvantages of solar panels:

• Great unevenness and irregularity of energy output, depending on the weather, and the seasonal height of the sun.
• Limiting the power of the entire battery if at least one part of it is shaded.
• Dependence on the direction of the sun at different times of the day. For the most efficient use of the battery, you need to ensure its constant orientation to the sun.
• In connection with the above, the need for energy storage. The greatest energy consumption occurs at a time when its production is minimal.
• Large area required for sufficient capacity construction.
• The fragility of the battery design, the need for constant cleaning of its surface from dirt, snow, etc.
• Solar modules work most efficiently at 25°C. During operation, they are heated by the sun to much more high temperature, greatly reducing their effectiveness. To keep the efficiency at an optimal level, it is necessary to provide cooling of the battery.

It should be noted that the development of solar cells using latest materials and technology. This allows you to gradually eliminate the disadvantages inherent in solar panels or reduce their impact. So, the efficiency of the latest cells using organic and polymer modules already reaches 35% and there are expectations of reaching 90%, and this makes it possible to obtain much more power with the same battery size, or, while maintaining energy efficiency, significantly reduce the size of the battery.

By the way, the average efficiency of a car engine does not exceed 35%, which allows us to talk about a fairly serious efficiency of solar panels.

There are developments of elements based on nanotechnology that work equally effectively at different angles of incident light, which eliminates the need for their positioning.

Thus, already today we can talk about the advantages of solar panels compared to other energy sources:

• No mechanical energy conversions and no moving parts.
• Minimum operating costs.
• Durability 30~50 years.
• Quiet operation, no harmful emissions. Environmental friendliness.
• Mobility. The battery for powering the laptop and charging the battery for the LED flashlight will fit in a small backpack.
• Independence from the presence of constant current sources. The ability to recharge the batteries of modern gadgets in the field.
• Undemanding to external factors. Solar cells can be placed anywhere, on any landscape, as long as they are sufficiently illuminated by sunlight.

In the equatorial regions of the Earth, the average solar energy flux is 1.9 kW / m 2 on average. In central Russia, it is in the range of 0.7 ~ 1.0 kW / m 2. The efficiency of a classic silicon photocell does not exceed 13%.

As experimental data show, if a rectangular plate is directed with its plane to the south, to the point of solar maximum, then in a 12-hour sunny day it will receive no more than 42% of the total luminous flux due to a change in its angle of incidence.

This means that with an average solar flux of 1 kW / m 2, 13% of the battery efficiency and its total efficiency of 42% can be obtained in 12 hours no more than 1000 x 12 x 0.13 x 0.42 = 622.2 Wh, or 0 .6 kWh per day from 1 m 2. This is subject to a full sunny day, in cloudy weather it is much less, and in the winter months this value must be divided by another 3.

Taking into account the voltage conversion losses, the automation circuit that provides the optimal charging current of the batteries and protects them from overcharging, and other elements, can be taken as a basis for the figure of 0.5 kWh / m 2. With this energy, it is possible to maintain a battery charge current of 3 A at a voltage of 13.8 V for 12 hours.

That is, to charge a completely discharged car battery with a capacity of 60 Ah, a solar panel of 2 m 2 is required, and for 50 Ah - about 1.5 m 2.

In order to get such power, you can purchase ready-made panels that are produced in the range of electrical powers of 10 ~ 300 W. For example, one 100 W panel for a 12-hour daylight hours, taking into account a coefficient of 42%, will just provide 0.5 kWh.

Such a Chinese-made panel made of monocrystalline silicon with very good characteristics is now on the market for about 6400 rubles. Less effective in the open sun, but having a better return in cloudy weather, polycrystalline - 5000 r.

If you have certain skills in the installation and soldering of electronic equipment, you can try to assemble a similar solar battery yourself. At the same time, you should not count on a very large gain in price, in addition, the finished panels have factory quality of both the elements themselves and their assembly.

But the sale of such panels is far from being organized everywhere, and their transportation requires very harsh conditions and will be quite expensive. In addition, with self-manufacturing, it becomes possible, starting small, to gradually add modules and increase output power.

Selection of materials for creating a panel

In Chinese online stores, as well as on eBay, the widest selection of elements for self-manufacturing solar panels with any parameters is offered.

Even in the recent past, do-it-yourselfers purchased plates that were rejected during production, having chips or other defects, but much cheaper. They are fully functional, but have a slightly reduced return on power. Given the constant decline in prices, now it is hardly advisable. After all, losing an average of 10% of power, we lose in the effective area of ​​the panel. Yes and appearance a battery consisting of plates with chipped pieces looks rather artisanal.

You can also purchase such modules in Russian online stores, for example, molotok.ru offers polycrystalline elements with operating parameters at a luminous flux of 1.0 kW/m2:

• Voltage: idle - 0.55 V, working - 0.5 V.
• Current: short circuit - 1.5 A, working - 1.2 A.
• Working power - 0.62 W.
• Dimensions - 52x77 mm.
• Price 29 p.

Tip: It should be borne in mind that the elements are very fragile and some of them may be damaged during transportation, so when ordering, you should provide some margin for their quantity.

Making a solar battery for your home with your own hands

To make a solar panel, we need a suitable frame, which you can make yourself or pick up a ready-made one. Of the materials for it, it is best to use duralumin, it is not subject to corrosion, is not afraid of dampness, and is durable. With appropriate processing and painting, both steel and even wood are suitable for protection from atmospheric precipitation.

Tip: Do not make the panel very large: it will be inconvenient in the installation of elements, installation and maintenance. In addition, small panels have low windage, they can be more conveniently placed at the required angles.

We calculate components

Decide on the size of our frame. To charge a 12-volt acid battery, an operating voltage of at least 13.8 V is required. Let's take 15 V as a basis. To do this, we will have to connect 15 V / 0.5 V = 30 cells in series.

Tip: The output of the solar panel should be connected to the battery through a protective diode to avoid its self-discharge at night through the solar cells. So the output of our panel will be: 15 V - 0.7 V = 14.3 V.

To get a charging current of 3.6 A, we need to connect three such chains in parallel, or 30 x 3 = 90 elements. It will cost us 90 x 29 rubles. = 2610 rubles.

Tip: Solar panel elements are connected in parallel-series. It is necessary to observe the equality of the number of elements in each consecutive chain.

With this current, we can provide a standard charge mode for a fully discharged battery with a capacity of 3.6 x 10 = 36 Ah.

In reality, this figure will be less due to uneven sunlight during the day. Thus, to charge a standard 60 Ah car battery, we will need to connect two such panels in parallel.

This panel can provide us with an electrical power of 90 x 0.62 W ≈ 56 W.

Or during a 12-hour sunny day with a 42% correction factor 56 x 12 x 0.42 ≈ 0.28 kWh.

Let's place our elements in 6 rows of 15 pieces. To install all the elements, we need a surface:

• Length - 15 x 52 = 780 mm.
• Width - 77 x 6 = 462 mm.

For the free placement of all plates, we will take the dimensions of our frame: 900 × 500 mm.

Tip: If there are ready-made frames with other dimensions, you can recalculate the number of elements in accordance with the outlines above, select elements of other sizes, try to place them by combining the length and width of the rows.

We will also need:

• Soldering iron electric 40 W.
• Solder, rosin.
• Mounting wire.
• Silicone sealant.
• Double sided tape.

Manufacturing steps

To install the panel, it is necessary to prepare a flat workplace of sufficient area with a convenient approach from all sides. It is better to place the element plates themselves separately to the side, where they will be protected from accidental bumps and falls. Take them carefully, one at a time.

Residual current devices increase the safety of your home electrical circuit by reducing the risk of electric shock and fire. Detailed introduction to characteristic features different types differential current switches will tell you for an apartment and a house.

During the operation of the electric meter, situations arise when it needs to be replaced and reconnected - you can read about this.

Usually, for the manufacture of a panel, the method of gluing pre-soldered plates of elements into a single chain onto a flat base-substrate is used. We offer another option:

1. We insert it into the frame, fix it well and seal the glass or a piece of plexiglass around the edges.
2. We lay out on it in the appropriate order, gluing them with double-sided tape, the plates of the elements: the working side to the glass, the soldering leads to the back side of the frame.
3. Putting the frame on the table with the glass down, we can conveniently solder the leads of the elements. We carry out electrical installation in accordance with the selected circuit diagram inclusions.
4. We finally glue the plates on the back side with adhesive tape.
5. We put some kind of damping pad: sheet rubber, cardboard, fiberboard, etc.
6. We insert the back wall into the frame and seal it.

If desired, instead of the back wall, you can fill the frame at the back with some kind of compound, for example, epoxy. True, this will already exclude the possibility of disassembling and repairing the panel.

Of course, one 50 W battery is not enough to provide energy even small house. But with its help it is already possible to implement lighting in it using modern LED lamps.

For a comfortable existence of a city dweller, at least 4 kWh of electricity is now required per day. For a family, according to the number of its members.

Therefore, the solar panel of a private house for a family of three should provide 12 kWh. If it is supposed to supply the home only from solar energy, we will need a solar battery with an area of ​​at least 12 kWh / 0.6 kWh / m 2 \u003d 20 m 2.

This energy must be stored in batteries with a capacity of 12 kWh / 12 V = 1000 Ah, or approximately 16 batteries of 60 Ah.

A charge controller is required for normal operation of the battery with a solar panel and its protection.

To convert 12V DC to 220V AC, you will need an inverter. Although now the market already has a sufficient number of electrical equipment for voltages of 12 or 24 V.

Tip: In low-voltage power networks, currents are much higher, so for wiring to powerful equipment, you should choose a wire of the appropriate size. Wiring for networks with an inverter is carried out according to the usual 220 V scheme.

Drawing conclusions

Under the condition of accumulation and rational use of energy, even today non-traditional types of electric power industry are beginning to create a solid increase in the total volume of its generation. It can even be argued that they are gradually becoming traditional.

Taking into account the recently significantly reduced level of energy consumption of modern household appliances, the use of energy-saving lighting devices and the significantly increased efficiency of solar panels of new technologies, we can say that even now they are able to provide electricity to a small a private house in southern countries with a large number of sunny days a year.

In Russia, they may well be used as backup or additional sources of energy in combined power supply systems, and if their efficiency can be increased to at least 70%, then it will be quite realistic to use them as the main suppliers of electricity.

Video on how to make a device for collecting solar energy yourself

Solar energy is no longer an innovation, but a reality that is available to almost everyone today. In this master class, I will show you how to make a completely autonomous garage power supply system. Although the garage has a stationary electrical network, but I decided to abandon it, because there are too many interruptions in its work ... Often there is no light on duty. One of the main advantages of a solar power plant is its complete autonomy and independence. Considering that I am not in the garage all day, the power of my system is more than enough for all needs. I used a powerful 100W solar panel, so the battery is able to charge even in cloudy weather. Of course, a 10W solar panel would be enough, but I decided to take it with a margin, in case I suddenly have to increase the power of the entire system.

What does the solar system provide?

• - LED light in the garage. Given the current consumption of LED strips (no more than 2 A), the continuous glow time will be about 25 hours, which is twice as long as necessary, given the average night duration of 12 hours.
• - Network with three sockets for 220 V with a load capacity of 400 W. An inverter is used to convert current. The output is a stable sinusoidal voltage. Plus, the inverter has two USB inputs for powering mobile devices, with a current of up to 3.1 A.
• - The light turns on automatically when the gate is raised, which is very convenient, especially at night.

All elements of an autonomous power supply system were purchased, with the exception of junction boxes, pipes for wires, etc.

The 100 W solar panel is ready, you can of course assemble it yourself, but I bought it - aliexpress Charge controller - aliexpress 12 V 100 Ah battery - in the nearest car shop.

battery terminals - aliexpress

Inverter 400W - aliexpressReed switch with magnet - aliexpressLED strip - aliexpress

Scheme of a solar power plant

The solar panel and battery are connected to the controller. The controller manages the charging of the battery, gives the optimal current and does not allow it to be completely discharged. LED strips and inverters are connected to the output of the controller. To do automatic switch on light I used a reed switch. Because led strip consume a current of about 2 amperes, then they cannot be switched by a reed switch, you will need to add a relay that will take on the entire load. With the circuit, I think there will be no questions.

A few words about installation

The whole system is sorted according to the standard. Wires are packed in pipes, connectors in junction boxes.

The photo shows how the reed sensor with a moving magnet is attached to the gate itself.


LED strips are simply stretched and fastened in special clips. Separately, I want to talk about installing a solar panel. A hole is drilled in the roof, into which a piece of pipe is inserted. To exclude any leakage of water, a piece sticks out of the roof from above at a short distance. We seal and coat it with liquid bitumen or tar. We connect the panel, we pass the wires through this tube. We lay the panel horizontally and coat the edges with the same liquid bitumen. Everything was hermetically sealed. The roof has a slight slope, and water will roll off it anyway.
Once again I will say that the system is completely autonomous and does not require maintenance. If only it is necessary to periodically check the battery.

Results after a few weeks of use

The solar power plant has proven to be excellent. It can be made for a summer residence, a barn, etc. In general, where there is no electricity supply. You can make a power plant for any capacity yourself and no longer depend on anyone. It is very healthy not to depend on anyone.

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DIY solar power plants for home: reviews

A couple of decades ago, solar power plants for the home were considered as something out of the realm of fantasy. Now this direction is actively developing and surprises no one. Despite the decent cost, such energy carriers are in demand because they allow you to save money and create your own autonomous energy source. Consider the features of these installations, their manufacture and installation by hand.

Peculiarities

Solar power plants for the home in the kit are beneficial in that they do not require additional calculations. The design is provided in finished form with a certain output power, which must be correctly selected during installation. Such systems are an order of magnitude more expensive than similar components separately, but do not require much effort during installation. In any case, you will have to choose between several modifications.

It is better to do this with knowledge of the matter, without blindly trusting the seller. When choosing a solar power plant for your home, there are not too many factors to consider. In general, there are four main aspects. Let's take a closer look at these metrics below.

Power and type of panels

Determining the power indicator is quite simple. It is calculated taking into account the most powerful consumer in the home (rarely household appliances consume more than 3 kW). A small margin is added to the selected value, the required indicator is ready. To take a good example, on a sunny day it will be possible to turn on the washing machine and refrigerator. As a result, a power plant with an output power of about 3 kW is enough for a small house.

The second criterion for choosing a solar power plant for a private house is the type of panels. There are three types of modern designs: film, single-crystal and polycrystalline models. The film version is considered the weakest in quality, it is gradually leaving the market. The choice between mono and polycrystalline panels depends on the average cloudiness of the region. The second modification in conditions of weak sunlight works more efficiently.

The next element that you should pay attention to when choosing solar power plants for your home is the inverter. The device is designed to increase the voltage of 6, 12 or 24 volts, which is issued by standard panels. The output is the usual figure of 220 volts. The choice of this device is influenced by two main factors:

1. Power. It should be able to withstand the required load with a margin.
2. Output signal type.

To avoid breakdowns of household appliances, it is necessary to choose panels with a pure, rather than modified, sine wave at the output.

Another working element of the design is the controller. The device distributes electricity and monitors the charging of batteries. If there is no direct distribution of electricity from the panels or all the energy is used, the controller gives a charge to the batteries. In case of shortage of solar energy, the device takes energy from the containers. In fact, the device does a monotonous, but important job, without which the entire system cannot work.

How to make a solar power plant at home with your own hands?

For self-production of the structure, the above materials and some additional devices (special wiring with connectors and connectors, helium batteries, installation parts) will be required.

The assembly of a homemade solar station begins with the installation of installation elements. They are a rigid frame profile pipe. The design of this part depends on the installation site, but the general configuration has a standard layout. The element is a rectangle, with special clamps attached to it with a rubber cushion. The structure can be assembled directly on the roof or on the ground.

main stage

At the next stage of building an autonomous solar power plant for the house, you will need to mount the panels. There is nothing difficult in this. Each element is fixed with screws. The main thing is not to show excessive zeal so as not to deform the panel.

Then the fixed parts are switched into a single circuit. To do this, the panel elements are connected in series with each other. Tees with connectors are installed at the fixation points. It must be remembered that after exposure to sunlight, the structure begins to generate energy. To avoid injury from electric discharge, the assembly sequence must be strictly followed. The connection starts from the controller, and an automatic switch is mounted in front of it. The first step is to lay the main line with the installation of tees in the right places. Only after completion of these works, short cables with connectors are mounted, through which the panels are connected to the tees.

Final work

At the final stage of installing a solar power plant for the home, a battery pack is connected to the controller. The more of them in a bunch, the better (this will allow you to make a significant supply of energy). Batteries should be purchased special (car low-capacity counterparts are not suitable). They are electrical tanks with a capacity of at least 150 Ah. The best option would be helium models, which are interconnected in parallel. By connecting plus to plus and minus to minus, you can save voltage, while increasing the total capacitance.

Further, the inverter is connected directly to the batteries according to the same principle. Otherwise, the element will not function. An inverter output with a voltage of 220 volts is connected through a circuit breaker to the home network. This is the whole process of creating a solar power plant for the home (6 kW). The main thing is to plan the process correctly and understand the principle of the structure.

It should be noted that so far in the domestic space, the calculations of the profitability of the energy sources under consideration are not very rosy. If excess energy is not sold to neighbors at an adequate price, the system does not fully pay off. The classical form of supplying unused energy to the city network for a penny does not bring any positive results.

The state does not prohibit the use of ready-made solar power plants for the home, although it does not encourage it in any way. For this reason, the installation of such structures is optimal where there is no mains electricity at all.

The described steps for installing and assembling a solar power plant are quite enough to choose the right modification. You can additionally save if you do the assembly yourself from separate parts. Power calculations are also not a problem. In extreme cases, you can hire a specialist who, for a moderate fee, will draw up all the drawings and diagrams.

Solar power plants for home: reviews

According to the responses of the owners, solar power plants are easy to install. They can be installed not only on the roof, but also on the walls from the sunny side. In a couple of days, the entire structure can be assembled and mounted by one person. The kit comes with mounting hardware that allows you to mount the panels in various positions.

If the energy supply system is mixed (network plus solar option), mark those sockets and appliances that operate from panels, and after a month calculate the savings. As the owners note, despite the fact that at first they will have to make a decent financial investment in the project, the result will not be long in coming, given that autonomous energy does not have to be paid for. On the contrary, it can be sold.

Consumers note that if there are not enough batteries to store energy, do not rush to completely abandon the central connection. Since the resource of solar stations is at least 20 years, the payback will be significant, albeit long-term.

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DIY solar power plant: assembly photo

Homemade solar power plant that everyone can do with their own hands: photo and video of assembling a small mini power plant for the home.

This article shows in detail the manufacture of a solar battery and its connection to a car battery and inverter 12V = 220V. The power plant is designed to supply household appliances powered by 220 V.

Assembly of a solar power plant.

For the manufacture of the panel, 60 solar cells were used, each of which produces a voltage of 0.5 V and a current of 4 A.

Panel size 980 x 900 cm, size of each solar cell 80 x 150 cm.

Let's start soldering the front side of the solar cells, for soldering you will need a 40-watt soldering iron, it is better not to use a less powerful soldering iron, it will not be able to fully warm up the place of soldering on the plate. The place of soldering is covered with an alcohol solution of rosin.

We tin the place of soldering.

We solder the wire.

Note! Semiconductor photocells are very fragile, you need to work with them very carefully!

After soldering, we glue the panels with the front side to the glass using building silicone.

You also need to solder all the elements with inside in one chain.

From the end of the frame body we output the wires plus and minus.

The back wall of the panel must be protected from dust and moisture, we cover it with plastic wrap and seal it with adhesive tape.

Each element produces 0.5 V and 4 A, the author connected in series two groups of elements of 30 pcs. which give out 15V each, then connected two groups in parallel, which increased the current to 8 A, the total voltage that all elements give out is 15V, which is ideal for charging a car battery.

Scheme of a solar power plant.

The battery itself must be connected to the solar battery through the Schottky diode so that at night the solar cells do not absorb energy from the battery and discharge it. To connect the battery, you need to use a copper wire with a cross section of at least 1m².

To avoid overcharging the battery, you need to connect it to the panel through a charge controller or, as the author did, assemble a charge limiter.

To convert the battery voltage from 12V to 220V, you need to connect an inverter to it. In the role of an inverter, an old uninterruptible power supply from a computer is used here, which produces 220 V, power up to 500 watts. Alternatively, you can purchase an inverter from a radio store.

A more visual diagram of the connection of all components of the power plant.

The panel must be installed in the most illuminated place, turned to the south and tilted at an angle of about 45 degrees. The angle of the panel depends on the latitude and season, so in each case it is better to experiment with the direction and angle to achieve maximum results.

Do not forget to firmly fix the panel, in case of a strong gust, the wind can easily overturn it and break the glass.

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Do-it-yourself installation of a solar power plant step by step instructions | Construction portal

Scientific and technological progress does not stand still. People have learned to use the power of nature and its resources, which are completely free and do not impoverish nature. The use of wind, water and solar energy is absolutely harmless to nature, which makes this fact especially valuable. Solar panels are a great way to save on utility bills. Solar panels work on the energy of the sun, absorbing sunlight, they produce energy.

Assembling a solar power station with your own hands

It is not difficult to buy a solar power plant for generating electricity for your home, you can find many different offers on the market, but the cost of such equipment is quite high. Buying a system is not available to everyone. There is an alternative - making a solar plant with your own hands.

The strength of the current that a photocell can create will depend on the number of solar cells that hit the surface. The number of these elements directly depends on a number of factors:

• battery size;
• strength and intensity of sunlight;
• duration of use;
• efficiency of the building;
• temperature indicators.

The amount of energy generated depends on the size of the battery. The larger the construction area, the more energy is generated and the higher the cost of the equipment.

Depending on the cost and power of the equipment, solar panels for converting solar energy into electricity are divided into:

• Designs with low power - the power of this equipment can provide charging for the tablet and other electronic devices. But with a high cost and such a low power, this equipment is not very popular.
• Universal designs - most often purchased for use in hiking and camping. This is a more powerful design that can power several electrical appliances at the same time.
• Solar panels are flat photographic plates mounted on a special base. They are installed on the roofs of houses and, thanks to a complex device, allow you to fully cover all the needs for electrical energy.

DIY solar power plant

Already cease to be a rarity and curiosity solar power plants in everyday life. This design increases the comfort of living, provides independence from the work of utilities. With a stock of basic knowledge in electrical engineering, you can make a solar power station with your own hands and at the same time save tangible money. There are three types of solar power plants:

• autonomous;
• network;
• combined.

To provide the house with electricity, an autonomous solar power plant is considered the best option.

Any solar power plant producing alternating current consists of four main components:

• Photomodules - the number and area of ​​​​photocells is determined depending on the needs of the house and solar activity in a particular geographical area. You can mount the modules on your own, you will only have to buy silicon photocells or buy solar blocks, provided that the dimensions of the blocks match all the requirements.
• Batteries are needed to prevent power outages. In bad weather and cloudy days, batteries can support the supply of electricity on days without sun.
• Controllers are a kind of "sentinel" that controls the batteries from overcharging. When the battery is fully charged, they will reduce the current generated by the solar panel to the amount necessary to maintain self-discharge. In a home-made installation, this equipment is necessary to extend the service life.
• Inverters are special devices that convert direct current into alternating current, which powers all appliances in the house. In a private solar power plant, we are talking about sinusoidal batteries. This option is cheaper and suitable for home use. When there is a surplus of electricity, inverters act as a link between the home and communal energy system. They redirect excess electricity to the public grid.
• Cables - they play an important role. All outdoor cables must be of high quality and resistant to bad weather and temperature extremes. To reduce energy losses, a short path and a special section, not less than four millimeters, are recommended.

Assembly diagram of a solar power plant

Solar modules should be installed on the roof of the house. The structure is located in accordance with the instructions: the location is at right angles to the incident light, the angle of deviation should not be more than fifteen degrees. Provided that year-round use of the solar installation is planned, the batteries are located at an angle of +15 degrees to the geographic latitude. If the battery is used only in the summer, it is required to adhere to the angle of inclination - minus fifteen degrees to latitude. You can ask someone who is competent in this matter to help arrange the solar panels correctly. Batteries are installed one above the other, taking into account how the shadow will fall, so as not to block the access of the sun.

When the panels are arranged in several rows, a certain distance should be observed between the devices. In this case, there will be no shading. Fix the panels in four, and preferably in six places. Batteries are fixed only with "native" clamps, otherwise there will be no guarantee of reliable fastening.

Assemble a solar power plant with your hands

To save on the installation of equipment that a team of specialists will produce for a certain cost, you must follow the rules and listen to the recommendations of experienced people. Otherwise, the photopanels will not be able to work with the maximum possible power and the material costs for manufacturing or purchasing will be in vain.

A self-made solar power plant is assembled taking into account the following rules:

• Illumination - the panels must be installed in the most illuminated place without the slightest shading. As a rule, this is the roof of the room or the facade.
• Direction - installation of photo batteries is carried out from the south side of the roof, taking into account the correct angle of inclination. The south side receives maximum solar energy.
• Angle of inclination - for efficiency and maximum efficiency of the panels, it is necessary to take into account the correct angle of inclination in relation to the horizon. The rule for choosing an angle was described above, but if this option is not available for use, a constant angle equal to the geographic latitude is selected.
• Servicing – If solar panel surfaces are allowed to become contaminated, there is a noticeable loss in performance of the panel surface. It is necessary to regularly clean the surface: in summer from dust and leaves, in winter from snow and dirt.
• If the batteries are installed on the ground surface, then it is necessary to raise the structure above the ground by about half a meter.

But in addition to these nuances, the type of roof plays an important role during the installation of the battery.

Home solar power plant with hands, rooftop installation feature

The way the battery is located depends on the roof option. Even the color of the roof plays a significant role. For example, a dark roof warms up more in the sun and causes the solar panel to overheat. If the roof covering has a dark color, a light insert must be provided at the location of the battery. If the photopanel is installed on a flat roof on its own, this process should not cause difficulties. A flat roof is considered the best option for solar panels. For installation, support frames are purchased for convenient positioning of the panel at the right angle. It is much more convenient to take care of the panels and clean their surface on flat roofs.

Pitched roofs require a slightly different mounting option. Batteries are installed on special fasteners, taking into account the material from which the roof is made. Each option uses its own mounting material. Also, installation technologies differ in each case. For natural cooling of the solar battery, it is recommended to make a gap between the roof and the equipment, this ensures the circulation of air masses.

Homemade solar power plant

Before starting the independent manufacture of a solar power plant, it is necessary to decide on the material. Most often, the photopanel is based on polycrystalline silicon or single-crystal material. Polycrystalline material has a low efficiency, but a panel made of such material is effective in any solar strength. As for monocrystalline substances, they have higher performance, but significantly reduce efficiency in the absence of the sun in cloudy weather. Because of this, home craftsmen prefer polycrystals.

The following fact should be taken into account: all photocells are purchased from the same manufacturer in order to exclude situations where it is difficult to determine the total power or the elements will have a different shelf life. Some enterprising craftsmen buy kits on online auctions, which means a bargain. In addition to the above, it is necessary to buy conductors that serve as connecting elements for solar cells, soldering devices.

For the body of the panel, light materials are used, such as aluminum corners. Wood can also form the basis for batteries, but given the fact that it will be exposed to endless negative effects, this material is not recommended. It should be remembered that many elements of the installation are sold at auctions, including the finished case. For an external transparent coating, polycarbonate or plexiglass is used. Ideally, any transparent material that does not transmit infrared rays, which degrade the performance of the system, will do.

How to build a solar power plant for your home

After preparing all the materials, you can proceed directly to the assembly of the solar power plant. First, the conductors with solar cells are soldered. Since this procedure is quite laborious and is accompanied by damage to the elements due to their fragility, it is recommended to purchase cells with soldered conductors. But if the product is purchased separately and needs to be connected, there is such an algorithm of action:

• prepare conductors of the required length;
• very carefully move the conductors into the cell;
• apply a special agent to the junction - soldering acid and solder;
• without putting pressure on the crystal, the conductor should be soldered.

The soldering process is laborious and time consuming.

You can connect elements according to different schemes: in series, in parallel, in series, with a midpoint. This is not important, the main thing is that there are shunt diodes, thanks to which discharge will not occur at night. Before installation, tests are carried out for current, voltage, fixation of elements and sealing. You can seal each cell with a special tool and seal it with plastic.

To cope with such a task as installing a solar power plant with your own hands, step-by-step instructions in the video will help. Solar batteries are profitable, affordable and inexpensive. As a result of installing an innovative system, you can not depend on weather conditions when electricity is lost due to strong wind or rain as a result of a short circuit or equipment failure. Solar power plants are convenient.

To give a do-it-yourself swan

Every year, solar energy is becoming more and more popular, which is explained by the decrease in the cost of the panels used, as well as the increase in the efficiency of this technology. A solar station installed in a summer house or on the roof of a private house will have an affordable cost, while the generated electricity will be enough to meet all the energy needs of the homeowner.

Technology Description

Solar panels are a semiconductor device capable of converting the sun's radiation into electrical energy. The main task of such a station is uninterrupted, economical and reliable power supply at home. You can install such devices not only in areas where there are problems with the supply of electricity, but simply to reduce the cost of the homeowner to pay utility bills.

If in the past the efficiency of solar panels left much to be desired, and it was possible to provide a house with electricity only by allocating an area of ​​​​several acres for the installation of batteries, today, with the development of technology, even a few receiver units will be enough to generate required amount electricity.

Advantages of solar panels:

By choosing the right system, it will be possible to provide the house with electricity, and heating in winter will work from an electric boiler, which completely eliminates the need to connect to gas or install solid fuel equipment.

However, this technology still has disadvantages. These include the following:

• At night, power generation stops.
• The devices are sensitive to surface contamination.
• Occupies part or all of the roof.
• The high cost of the battery and accumulator.
• Efficiency depends on climatic conditions.

AT last years solar panels of the latest generation, which combine affordable cost and efficiency, have become popular. They are able to generate electricity even under snow and on a cloudy day. Every year, the cost of such stations for domestic use is steadily decreasing, their efficiency is increasing, which affects the popularity of solar energy among ordinary homeowners.

The principle of operation of the device

The principle of operation of the station is extremely simple. The photovoltaic converters used, which consist of several silicon wafers, are distinguished by their conductivity and can generate electricity by exposing them to light. Sunlight hits the negatively charged panels, a potential difference appears between the two extreme plates, which are coated with boron and phosphorus, which leads to the appearance of a voltage that is transmitted to the converters and then sent to the house's electrical network.

The batteries of the latest generation are characterized by an increased size of the photoconverter, which allows them to generate the maximum possible amount of electricity with a small area of ​​​​the receiver itself. The insolation level of such systems will be consistently high, which guarantees the longest service life and excellent performance even in low light conditions.

Battery types

All performance characteristics, including installation method, power, efficiency and ability to generate electricity under snow and on cloudy days, will directly depend on the type of batteries. To date, three main types of solar stations have become widespread:

• Amorphous.
• Monocrystalline.
• Polycrystalline.

Solar systems built on polycrystalline batteries have a low efficiency of 18%, but such panels are able to generate electricity even in cloudy weather. Batteries have a characteristic dark blue color and a heterogeneous structure of silicon crystals. Polycrystalline solar panels are very popular in regions with rainy and cloudy climates.

Monocrystalline converters are distinguished by the characteristic black color of the panels, which is explained by the use of pure silicon for their production. Such batteries have the highest efficiency to date, which is 25%. The disadvantage of this technology is that power generation is possible when the panels are turned towards the sun. But in cloudy weather, the efficiency of electricity generation is significantly reduced.

Amorphous batteries have been popular in the past, but the technology is largely untapped today. This is explained by the fact that the efficiency of such batteries is 15-20%, and literally in a year and a half there is a significant deterioration in electricity generation. The maximum service life of amorphous stations is 2 years. Despite the affordable cost, it is recommended to refrain from buying amorphous solar panels, which will soon require new financial investments and significant costs from the homeowner.

All solar batteries used today are equipped with controllers, the main purpose of which is the redistribution of the received energy and its direction to the source of consumption. Advanced installations can be additionally equipped with a battery that stores the generated electricity. Subsequently, at night, when the generation tends to zero, the battery is responsible for uninterrupted power supply at home.

Solar energy for private houses

Literally a few years ago, the possibility of a completely autonomous power supply at home through solar panels seemed to us something from the category of fantasy. However, today technologies do not stand still, the efficiency of electricity generation is constantly increasing, the cost of equipment is decreasing, which allows many homeowners to completely solve the problems with the energy supply of private houses with the help of such batteries.

Solar stations are very popular in Western Europe, where the cost per kilowatt-hour of consumed energy is extremely high. Therefore, many homeowners, in order to save money, install solar panels on the roof of their private house, which fully cover their electricity needs.

It is difficult for many of us to understand how much power a solar power plant needs to be used and how much it will cost to install such equipment. When performing calculations, it is necessary to proceed primarily from the general indicators of electricity consumption by a private house. So, for a country house where only a few electrical appliances are used, a small refrigerator and a TV are working, a 250-watt solar battery will be enough. But to create a full-fledged station, you need a panel power of 1000 W or more.

The cost of the equipment used will directly depend on the number of panels, their total capacity, the controller used and the presence or absence of a battery. It is the battery that is the most expensive element of the entire solar station, while such devices often fail, have a short resource and require replacement every 3-4 years.

In Western countries, where the possibility of a homeowner to sell electricity to the state is enshrined at the legislative level, the homeowner can dump electricity into the public network, and subsequently take it at the same preferential price from the public network, so it is not required to use batteries. This allows you to significantly reduce the overall cost of arranging a completely autonomous power generation station in a private house, which covers all the energy needs of the homeowner.

In Russia, it is also theoretically possible to sell electricity generated by a solar panel to the public grid, but the cost at which the state purchases electricity is not too high. In the future, we will be forced to select the voltage we need from the general electrical network at a price several times higher than the cost at which the state buys it from us. Accordingly, to solve this problem, it is still necessary to install batteries that will store the generated energy.

The simplest installations of solar stations, which have batteries and a controller intended for power supply of country houses, will cost about 60-80 thousand rubles. But to provide electricity to a private house with an area of ​​​​200-300 square meters, where they live all year round, a station power of a thousand watts or more will be required. Such a system is necessarily equipped with a battery, which leads to a significant increase in the cost of equipment. On average, purchasing a high-quality solar station built on reliable components will cost 400-600 thousand rubles or more.

Does the investment pay off?

Many of us are wondering whether the cost of arranging a solar station in a country house or in a private house pays off. Modern installations, which are built on batteries of the latest generation, allow generating electricity at minimal cost, while they are durable and can pay off in 5-6 years of active use.

If it is necessary to use solar stations with a battery, the cost of such equipment increases significantly, respectively, the payback period for investments can reach 12-15 years. During the operation of the equipment, it will invariably be necessary to replace the batteries and maintain the panels, which will be the key to trouble-free and durable operation of the equipment.

Today on sale you can find solar panels and all the necessary equipment for them from Western European and Chinese manufacturers. In recent years, Chinese firms have significantly improved their quality, while traditionally the cost of such stations is at an affordable level. By purchasing batteries from Chinese manufacturers, you can not only reduce your costs, but also subsequently solve problems with the power supply at home, ensuring complete autonomy and no need to connect the house to various utilities.

Solar power plant for the home is a promising technology, which is already very popular among summer residents and owners of private houses. By installing a solar station on the roof of your house, you can completely solve problems with energy supply, and the cost of such equipment will not be too high. You just need to choose the right power for the panels, install them correctly by connecting them to the network through the controller and the appropriate battery.