A step-by-step guide to building a veranda at your dacha with your own hands. Do-it-yourself veranda for the house

There are many options for organizing a place to relax in a suburban area. The fastest and easiest way is to attach a wooden terrace to the house. This simple structure allows you to comfortably enjoy fresh air and sunbathe. And if you make a closed terrace that reliably protects from wind, dust and precipitation, then you can relax in any weather.

The practicality of such an extension was appreciated by many homeowners. If there is enough space on the terrace, the whole family and guests can comfortably accommodate, and if you install a barbecue or barbecue, the recreation area turns into a convenient place for preparing and eating food. In a word - the possibilities are endless!

Thematic material:

The best option for beginning builders would be an open summer terrace adjacent to the house. To build such a structure correctly, it is necessary to understand all the stages - from drawing up a detailed project to carrying out finishing and decorative work. Where to start?

Terrace design features

A place to relax on a country plot can be designed in the form of a separate gazebo, a closed veranda at the entrance to the house, or an open terrace.

The latter option has a number of features that distinguish it from other buildings:

Where to build a terrace

The location for the construction of an open area is chosen taking into account:

• which side of the house is illuminated by the sun;
• view from the terrace;
• soil characteristics - the nature of the soil influences the choice of foundation;
• landscape of the site - the building should fit organically into the overall design of the yard and be in harmony with the style of the house.

Often an open area is located near a pool or natural body of water. The shape of the structure can be different: rectangular, round, asymmetrical, curved.

Multi-level terraces are interesting, eliminating the need to make separate steps and providing effective drainage.

The building can be located:

• next to one of the walls of the building on a common foundation;
• around the whole house;
• separate from the home - in this case, the terrace resembles a gazebo.

Material selection

What is the best material to make a terrace from? There are many options.

• Wood. A wooden structure is durable, reliable, provides maximum comfort and a homely atmosphere. Construction will be the most economical and least labor-intensive.
• Stone, concrete, brick. Working with these materials is more difficult, they are more expensive and do not allow you to realize some of your design ideas.
• Metal. Beautiful railings and structural posts are made from steel or cast iron. But this option is costly from a financial point of view. Also, not everyone can work independently with metal - you need to at least own a welding machine. In addition, relaxing on such a terrace will be less comfortable, since the steel gets very hot in the sun.
• Wood-polymer composite, or WPC. This raw material is the cheapest and easiest to process. Thanks to the PVC coating, the material does not need to be protected from rotting with impregnations, like elements of a wooden structure. Externally, WPC is attractive - it resembles the texture of natural wood.

When building a terrace, it is not necessary to use new materials; you can make a recreation area from the remains after building a house. The main thing is that the boards, concrete blocks for the foundation and other elements are free from defects and are treated with special impregnations that protect them from moisture and temperature changes. Only in this case the structure will be strong and durable.

Drawing up drawings

Before starting, it is important to understand all the details of the design of the structure. A correctly drawn up and approved construction plan is the key to the quality and legality of the construction.

What should be in the project?

The drawing reflects the following technical characteristics of the design:

• area with exact dimensions;
• materials used;
• weight of the structure;
• type of foundation.

When drawing up a project, it is important to take into account the features of the location chosen for placing the terrace: the type and structure of the soil, the technical condition of the wall and foundation of the house, and climatic factors.

Users often search:

Since it is quite difficult to make a drawing of a terrace on your own, the best solution would be to contact a specialized design organization. Professional engineers will draw up a construction plan taking into account building codes and the wishes of the customer.

Project approval

Despite the fact that the house is the property of the owner of the land plot, changes to the design of residential premises must be agreed upon and approved by:

• fire safety service;
• sanitary and epidemiological control authorities;
• local administration.

Without a complete package of documents, the building will be considered a self-construction, which will not allow the house to be sold, donated, exchanged, or used as collateral for a loan in the future.

Stages of constructing an outdoor terrace

Adding a recreation area to the house is carried out in several steps:

The last stage can be omitted, but additional elements will make the design original and functional.

A strip or column base is suitable for a terrace. However, builders often resort to a simpler option - using curb stones for the foundation. In this case, the work is as follows:

1. Using reinforcement or wooden pegs, they mark the boundaries of the future building. For the convenience of further work, string is pulled around the perimeter.
2. Temporary supports made of bricks about 40 cm high are installed in the corners.
3. Logs are laid on top at an angle to the house of about 2° (this will ensure good rainfall drainage). A building level is used for leveling.
4. A string is pulled over the top of the joists and the joists are removed.
5. Instead of temporary supports, concrete pillars are made.
6. Between the posts, trenches are dug under the curb stone and filled with concrete.
7. Installing stones.
8. When the mixture hardens, the gaps between the foundation elements are filled with expanded clay for thermal insulation.

If the structure is new, the foundations of the house and the terrace should not be rigidly connected - shrinkage of the building will lead to the destruction of the extension. If the house has been standing for a long time, the foundations are connected using metal fasteners.

Wood deck construction

Step-by-step instructions for installing a floor for a terrace:

1. Logs are installed on the foundation.
2. Mark the places for attaching the timber.
3. The crossbars are fixed using metal corners.
4. Installing boards. Before this, the wood is carefully treated with impregnations against rotting, bacteria and fungus. Small gaps are left between the boards for ventilation and temperature deformations.
5. The edges of the flooring are trimmed for greater aesthetics.
6. The surface is varnished or painted.

It is advisable to use larch, as it is rich in natural resins and is ideal for outdoor buildings.

If the terrace-deck seems too simple, the structure can be supplemented with auxiliary elements, for example, a roof.

There are several roofing options for a terrace:

• the structure adjacent to the house is laid on rafters made of wooden beams, attached to the top frame on vertical posts;
• polycarbonate roof;
• construction made of transparent slate;
• removable canopy in the form of a stretched awning.

However, you don’t have to bother with building a roof - simple umbrellas will perfectly protect you from the sun. However, in this case, furniture and decor will have to be removed every time there is heavy rainfall.

Terrace decoration

Decorative elements are amazing in variety. For example, in an open recreation area, wooden fences are installed, consisting of three parts: posts, railings and balusters. These elements are attached to the supports on which the roof rests, or to their own vertical beams.

As an alternative to wooden fencing, light fabric tulle is used, which creates a feeling of airiness, decorates the terrace and protects from sunlight.

Mandatory elements of the recreation area are tables, armchairs, sun loungers and other furniture. Additionally, you can decorate the room with potted plants or hedges around the perimeter of the structure.

Thus, building a terrace is the best option for a novice master. It’s not difficult to build an outdoor area with your own hands - you just need to carefully follow the recommendations and follow the work technology.

Many owners of individual homes often think about new extensions. After all, when you yourself are the owner of a dacha or a personal plot, you definitely want to do something exclusive and as comfortable as possible. Let's consider one of the most common options for extensions - a veranda. At the same time, we will analyze the methods of constructing it with our own hands.

The need for a veranda. Functions

The need for a veranda for your own home is obvious, because it is a place where it is easy to gather the whole family for a summer barbecue dinner, and at the same time hide from the evening rain and watch its threads through the large windows. But at the same time, I want to be able to stay warm from the autumn wind while on the veranda. It is often assumed that some kind of greenhouse will be placed inside such an extension. Hence the functions that this building should have:

• good roof, preferably transparent or matte,
• huge windows,
• warm walls,
• large space,
• close connection with home.

A similar extension to a house is sometimes also called a terrace.

Design of possible options with photos

For clarity, we present several options for an attached veranda. Here, for example, is the design of a simple summer structure associated with a house.

A simple open veranda does not protect against the cold

Here we see a classic option: the roof of a residential building is initially extended, then the overhanging edge is supported on pillars, after which the floor is paved. The open veranda is ready. However, in the fall, as in the photo, inside such a space will be very cold and uncomfortable.

It's another matter when the veranda is covered with glass. Then the wind will not blow into it. Here is a version of a similar design.

A veranda with glass walls in the form of windows provides good protection from the wind.

Here the columns are already solid, made of brickwork, and the area between the columns is covered with huge windows, which simultaneously provides aesthetics, protection from the wind, and excellent visibility.

An even more reliable option in terms of heat is a permanent veranda.

The building in this case is more like a room in a house

Here the terrace is part of the house. The degree of glazing is also high, but there are also solid walls and warm floors, powered by heating the house or by electric current. Although there is still a feeling of the presence of the surrounding world.

How to build it yourself: step-by-step instructions

Project and drawing

We start with design. It is necessary at this stage to decide on the size of the veranda. The width of the building is usually taken to be no more than 3 m, otherwise the terrace will be too bulky. But as for the length, the owners must decide for themselves whether to extend the veranda over the entire house or not. Most often, a summer room is attached to only half or a third of the building.

1. Foundation. For a veranda, the most successful option is a columnar one. In this case, they simply put several metal or asbestos pipes into the project, which will be dug into the ground standing to the depth of soil freezing. Their insides will have to be concreted with reinforcing rods. It is advisable to connect the protruding pipe heads with a grillage - a concreted tape around the perimeter.
2. Walls. There is a unanimous opinion on this issue: it is better to use the same material from which the house is built, because each type of building element has its own degree of expansion. For example, a wooden veranda may become slightly deformed over time and “press” on a brick house. If the hut is made of logs, then a terrace made of boards will come in handy.
3. Roof. Usually it is single-pitched. There is room for design thought here. Most often, a transparent roof is made, for example, from colored polycarbonate. You can use thick glass, but it is enough to simply extend the roof of the house, be it slate or tiles. The main thing is to maintain the required slope. Typically, the slope of the veranda roof is less than that of the roof slopes of the house, since the width of the extension is small. A large pitch angle of the veranda roof will lower its front part too much.

We will talk in more detail about choosing the appropriate components at each stage of construction in the process of describing the general step-by-step instructions. Having decided on the materials and dimensions, they make a drawing or sketch.

Typical diagram of a house veranda

The figure indicates the dimensions of the future building, as well as important dimensions, for example, the distances between connecting elements, roof slope, etc.

Necessary materials and calculations with detailed examples

As an example, we will write down instructions for constructing a wooden frame of a lean-to veranda 3 meters long and 2 meters wide. Let us take the height of such an extension to be 2 m directly next to the house and 1.7 m from the front side.

To build such a veranda we will use the following components:

• wooden beams 100 mm x 100 mm with a total length of 42 m,
• logs in the form of wooden beams 50 mm x 100 mm long, each 3 m (with a margin) - 4 pieces (for 3 meters of a building, according to building codes, 4 roof supports are enough),
• edged boards 20 mm thick for walls, board dimensions: 200 mm x 3 m, 200 mm x 2 m, their total area is 10 m 2,
• boards for roof sheathing 25 mm thick, with dimensions 150 mm x 3 m, total area 4.5 m 2,
• floor boards with an area of ​​2 m x 3 m, that is, an area of ​​6 m 2, board size: 30 mm x 250 mm x 2 m,
• nails approximately 2 kg.
• metal or asbestos pipe with a diameter of 100 mm for a foundation 1.5 m long - 6 pieces (1 piece for each meter of length of the building is quite sufficient according to building codes),
• polyethylene with an area of ​​approximately 1 m2 (for 6 pipes),
• mastic for coating pipe ends - 1 bucket,
• fittings with a diameter of 8 mm - 12 rods (2 per pipe) 1.5 m each (according to the length of the pipes),
• cement 15 kg,
• sand 45 kg.

We will show how the materials were calculated.

To fill the insides of pipes with a diameter of 100 mm inserted into the ground with concrete, you will need a little cement and sand. The total volume is equal to the product of the number of pipes and their volume. The latter is calculated as the product of the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipe and its length: V = 0.1 x 0.1 x 1.5 = 0.015 m3. Here, for simplicity, the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipe is taken as the cross-sectional area of ​​a square of 100 mm x 100 mm.

For six pipes the volume will be as follows: V total. = 6 x 0.015 = 0.09 m3. Let us take the volume of solution we need equal to 0.1 m3. According to building standards, to prepare such a volume it is enough to take 15 kg of cement and 45 kg of sand.

Let's also count lumber. Beams 100 mm x 100 mm are needed as connecting elements of the frame. We will have three horizontal straps, namely the lower perimeter at floor level, the window sill perimeter, and the same at the roof level. We will also have vertical racks; according to the number of pipes, 6 pieces of 2 m in height are enough. Totally, summing everything up, we get the total length of the beams 100 mm x 100 mm: L = (2 m + 3 m + 2 m + 3 m) x 3 + 2 m x 6 = 42 m.

For walls with a standard height of 1 meter for verandas, you will need the number of boards that will cover an area equal to the product of the perimeter of the building and the height of 1 m: S = (2 m + 3 m + 2 m + 3 m) x 1 = 10 m2.

Boards for sheathing under the roofing will be installed with slots equal to their width. Therefore, half the approximate roofing area is sufficient. The latter is approximately 3 m x 3 m = 9 m 2 (taking into account the roof slope). This means that 4.5 m2 is enough for us.

Construction tools

We will need the following tools for work:

• hacksaw,
• hammer,
• axe,
• shovel for mixing the solution,
• bayonet shovel for digging.

How to build: step by step instructions

1. First you need to mark the future veranda. Relying on our own drawing, we find the installation points for the foundation pipes. The maximum possible step between such supports is 2 m. It is advisable to step back at least 4 cm from the foundation of the house and also determine the location of the holes for supports along the building.
2. The depth of the cavities for foundation pipes should be about 1.5 m, depending on the region. The holes themselves can be dug with a shovel. There is an option to drill them with a universal hand drill. It is sold in many hardware supermarkets. After preparing the cavities, they are filled with solid polyethylene for waterproofing, and then metal or asbestos-cement pipes are inserted into them. After that, two or three rods of reinforcement are pushed inside each such element and concrete is poured. The top end of each pipe should protrude at least 20 cm above the ground.
3. After the concrete has hardened, you can begin installing the floor. But first you need to either make a grillage - connect all the pipes with a concrete strip, or at least sprinkle crushed stone over the total area of ​​​​the future veranda. If you do not carry out the described manipulations, debris will subsequently accumulate under the floor of the terrace, and the covering itself will be cold for the owners’ feet.
4. Let's consider the option without a grillage, when the entire planned area of ​​the veranda is covered with crushed stone. It's both cheaper and simpler. After filling our plot of land with stones, they need to be leveled with a shovel. Next, it is necessary to lay wooden beams with a profile of 100 mm x 100 mm along the pipes protruding from the ground, coated with mastic, fastening them in the corners with standard locks. These locks, made with an axe, are also called cuts or notches. Their options are shown in the diagram below. The future floor will rest on the beams described.
   

   The diagram shows different types of locks for connecting beams; we use the simplest ones

5. The next step is to build the frame of the veranda. We also make vertical posts from beams with a section of 100 mm x 100 mm. We fasten them to the perimeter of the base. After installing the verticals, we line the flooring with edged boards with a thickness of 30 mm or more. We nail the floorboards to the beams.
6. We install window sill beams at a height of 1 m, simultaneously fastening the verticals with them. The profile of window sill bars can also be 100 mm x 100 mm. To connect the beams in all cases we use the classic lock discussed above. We also use screws or nails. You can strengthen all connections with metal corners. After installing the window sill beams on the outside of the veranda, we nail the edged boards to close the space from the floor to the window sill beams.
7. We make the top trim of the future veranda. To do this, we connect the verticals with the same beams, then we rest standard logs on this structure for mounting the roof.
   

   Important to remember! Since a typical veranda uses a pitched roof, the front verticals should end up lower than the rear verticals adjacent to the house by about 30 cm. If we didn’t take this into account right away, you can take a hacksaw and saw down the standing beams.

   The wooden frame of the veranda, in this case it is made close to the house, part of the frame rests on the foundation of the house, this option is acceptable

8. To erect a terrace roof, sheathing is nailed onto the logs. Then sheets of roofing material are fixed and the same hard material is laid that decorates the slopes of the common roof. There are also other options here that will provide an exclusive architectural form. For example, frames can be mounted on joists and “filled” with especially strong glass. This solution will provide additional heating of the room from the sun, even in winter.
   

   On a note. In recent years, another possibility has become widespread: it is enough to screw polycarbonate sheets used for the construction of greenhouses to the joists. This is a very convenient and practical material. It bends well, which allows you to create arched structures. With its help it is easy to create the most unusual roof for your veranda.

9. We may not fill the space for windows if an open veranda is enough for us. If it is decided that the building will be closed, it is enough to install ordinary glazed wooden frames. At the same time, window frames can be “equipped” with multi-colored glass, resulting in exclusive stained glass windows that are noticeable even from afar. A similar example can be studied in this photo.
   

   Stained glass windows in the design of a wooden veranda, the glass here is made to order

10. Special attention must be paid to installing the door. The opening for this element is initially laid into the project on the side of the terrace. Under no circumstances should you install the veranda door directly opposite the common entrance, otherwise drafts will not be avoided!

Final finishing of floors, walls and ceilings. How to insulate and with what

In our example, the lower part of the veranda is finished with boards. Such walls can be easily insulated from the inside with polystyrene foam. You just need to glue the slabs of material with mounting adhesive. Outside, plank walls can easily be “covered” with siding; it is screwed to the wood with self-tapping screws. The insulating material on the inside can be finished with aesthetic panels, for example, made of plastic, for additional insulation.

There is an option to cover the space between the window sill beams and the floor with sandwich panels or OSB boards instead of boards. In the latter case, it is sufficient to use sawdust enclosed in polyethylene as an insulating material. Plastic bags with sawdust are attached with metal mounting tape and nails. And the inner surface, after securing plastic bags with sawdust, is finished with plywood. There are no boundaries for design ideas; the final decision depends entirely on the owner.

In conclusion, we suggest watching a video on the topic.

Video: How to attach a wooden summer terrace to your house

We have provided design options and detailed instructions for constructing a veranda, which is an extension of a private house. It remains to add one last note: when inventing an unusual, stylish veranda, do not forget about the building codes and regulations, and also try to make sure that even at the design stage your veranda does not spoil the overall picture of the house.

It allows you not only to increase the usable area, but also to radically transform the object externally. It is for this purpose that most designers suggest adding this kind of extension without fail. Well, we will help you further decide on the design and materials!

Veranda design: types of verandas and their features

A veranda is a simple, but in every sense (functionality, cost, construction time) effective way to expand your living space. At the same time, the veranda attached to home, can be either included in the project initially or added to an existing house. In general, a do-it-yourself veranda in a private house and its construction is one of the best modern solutions for optimizing personal space.

Similarly, a terrace is also sometimes included in a house plan at a later stage. But if verandas always have a roof, then the terrace does not have one and often serves as a location for sun loungers, intended for leisurely spending time under the scorching summer sun, leaving tan marks on the body.

In terms of appearance, verandas can be divided into two main forms - open and closed.

• The simplest option is open veranda , which has a common wall And canopy (roof), that is, very large porch. This results in an open space or a roof extension to the house (as in the photo) with maximum amenities ( chairs, armchairs, couch beds, as an option - hammock), also closed from the sun and rain. A climbing plants, entwining the veranda, will add comfort and pleasant intimacy. This is one of the budget options that every owner can afford.

• Enclosed veranda - a more complex and expensive option, but this actually adds another room, only without heating. It will protect you from any bad weather and is comfortable from mid-spring to mid-autumn. It is worth noting that the renovation of a veranda of this type is comparable to the renovation of a full-fledged room in the house. Also, it takes longer to build a closed veranda to the house with your own hands than other types of verandas.

There are even fewer varieties of terraces, and in appearance they differ slightly, maintaining differences in design.

How to make a veranda in a private house? Varieties of design and materials used

Globalization has made it possible to unite the cultural heritage of different countries, and now even neighboring houses can look completely different. For example, by trying to combine a heavy stone bottom and a light wooden top of the structure, craftsmen get a German-style extension, and by making it entirely of wood, but leaving wide ventilation gaps between the boards, they create Australian-style verandas.

Polycarbonate house extension

As for modern, rather than classical, materials, their use is also quite justified. When using polymer-based building materials, futuristic shapes are obtained, and a unique example is polycarbonate verandas. This is an incredibly easy-to-use and easy-to-use building material from which such unusual structures are created.

Wooden veranda with polymers

Designers have a special regard for composite materials. They allow you to preserve classic forms in the exterior and interior, while increasing the resistance of the building to external factors. Thus, compounds of wood and polymers will enhance the water-repellent properties of wood, and the combination of minerals with polymers gives them greater wear resistance.

Veranda frame

When choosing materials for future construction, you should base it not only on personal taste preferences. You also need to build on the choice of materials used in the main building. For example, to a wooden house it is worth attaching an object based on a wooden frame, which is dictated by the manufacturing technology itself.

How to attach a veranda to a brick house? But you can add any option to such a house, however, a brick veranda (photo below) will be the optimal solution. A do-it-yourself frame extension to a house is shown below in the photo gallery.

Construction of a terrace

Foundation for a veranda and foundation for a terrace

Summer - this is the definition that naturally pops up in thoughts when mentioning a terrace, and for good reason. Such objects are simply created in order to spend warm summer days and evenings on them. In essence, they are an extension consisting only of a floor raised onto the foundation. In this case, the foundation itself is usually individual for the object and is not created together with the main one. As a rule, monolithic foundations are not used for terraces. Most often, only tape and columnar versions of such structures are used. Much less common is the pile option. Piles are placed only when there is a body of water nearby that can quickly raise the groundwater level, or if the site has very loose or sandy soils that cause severe shrinkage.

Extension to a house made of timber and timber trim for the terrace

Since the terrace has no walls, the load on the foundation will be minimal. But before installing it, you still have to mark the area. Using the marks obtained, they dig recesses for the pillars to the freezing depth, into which sheathing and reinforcement are installed and then concrete is poured. For the foundation, it is mandatory to make waterproofing and timber lining, to which subfloor logs made of timber with a cross section of 100 x 50 mm are subsequently attached.

The subfloor is covered with OSB or edged boards, and insulation is filled or laid. It is covered with wicker insulation, which, in turn, is covered with OSB boards.

Arrangement of the terrace

When almost everything is ready, the floor is laid. For it, it is better to use materials that are not susceptible to moisture, for example, composite ones. This choice will allow you to leave the terrace open for the winter without remorse.

The foundation can be decorated to your liking. Ideally, it should be in harmony with the base of the house.

Interior of a summer veranda and terrace

If desired, you can install poles on the terrace with a top frame on which summer curtains will be attached. Hanging flowerpots with hanging plants, which are attached to the walls of the main building, also look good here. You can also place sealed lighting fixtures here for evening use.

On the site itself, portable or stationary furniture is installed, including benches, wicker chairs, sun loungers, umbrellas or even a barbecue. If you are short on funds, the logical solution would be to make furniture for the veranda with your own hands.

Do-it-yourself veranda at the dacha: building a veranda

Double-glazed veranda and windows for the veranda (photo)

Do not forget about the climate typical of the region. If harsh winters are not uncommon, then you should exclude the option of a fully glazed veranda. Otherwise, it will be necessary to provide an internal heating system in this area, install insulation under the roof, make a full ceiling, and also seal all the seams and install high-quality double-glazed windows. Thus, the load on the frame will increase and it will have to be strengthened in order to distribute it, however, as a result you will have a warm veranda near the house.

However, it is not enough to simply attach such an object. It needs to be filled with everything you need. A successful combination would be upholstered furniture, already protected from external factors, and carpeting, which is much more comfortable to walk on.

By building a veranda, you can make your home more beautiful and unique, as well as expand its usable area. But how to build it? The easiest way is to add a veranda to the housing project before construction begins - in this case, it will have a common foundation with the house and will be stronger.

However, if such an opportunity was missed, do not be upset, since it is absolutely possible to attach a veranda to the house after its construction is completed - you just need to study the technology of work and learn all the subtleties of the process. How to build a veranda correctly?

Veranda design

The first stage of any construction is the creation of a project; This stage is also important when constructing such a relatively simple structure as a terrace. You can draw up a detailed construction plan yourself using various software. However, if you do not have special education, it is better to contact a design office for professional help.

Plan of walls and partitions of the first floor

Design can be divided into several separate stages.

Choosing a veranda type

A veranda attached to a house can have a very different look. All such structures can be divided into two types:

You can choose any option - the main thing is that the terrace fits organically into the overall exterior of the house and becomes its logical continuation.

Thematic material:

The form of construction also varies. The simplest and most affordable option is a regular rectangular veranda. A rounded, curved design will be more complex. You can also add polygonal terraces to the house, running along one or several walls or even forming a whole belt around the entire house. It is not at all necessary to build a veranda near the front door, although this seems to be the most obvious solution.

Material selection

As a rule, the veranda is built from the same material from which the house is made: it is better to attach a veranda made of logs or timber to a brick building or a wooden house. However, you should not rely on design compliance alone. Another important criterion when working is how difficult the construction of the veranda will be.

It is the easiest thing to build - an object made from it can be easily processed, the material allows you to easily implement many design ideas. You can also simply and inexpensively create a structure from modern materials: WPC, PVC, polycarbonate. To attach a concrete or metal veranda to a house, you will most likely need the help of specialists in various fields.

Construction site analysis

One of the most important tasks when designing a terrace is studying the technical nuances and bringing the characteristics of the future building into line with the conditions of the area. Several factors will affect the quality and durability of the structure:

• soil type;
• the condition of the building wall to which the veranda is planned to be attached;
• climatic conditions in the region.

The maximum mass of the terrace, the complexity of the foundation, the need for insulation, and much more depend on these parameters.

Documents receiving

This point is very easy to lose sight of if all the work on building a terrace from start to finish is done independently. The veranda design and other technical documentation will help you obtain permission to change the design and technical certificate of the house. By law, construction approval is required by the following authorities:

1. local government;
2. fire safety authorities;
3. sanitary and epidemiological station.

It seems that since the built house and land are your property, you are free to do whatever you want with them - including adding a terrace. However, without all the permits and a documented project, the terrace will be legally considered an illegal extension to the house. This will make it impossible to sell the object, donate it, or exchange it; It will also be impossible to get a bank loan using the house as collateral.

Construction of the foundation

Once the project is completed and all permits have been obtained, the actual construction work can begin. And their first part is the construction of a high-quality and reliable foundation. How to do this part of the building correctly?

The main requirement is this: the base of a closed or open veranda attached to a private house must correspond in its technical characteristics to the foundation of the main building. First of all, its depth should be the same. If this requirement is not met, when the air temperature drops due to uneven deformation of materials, parts of the house will separate, and a gap will appear between the terrace and the wall.

Attaching a new foundation to an old one is done in different ways, depending on how long ago the house was built.

• A new house is usually in the process of shrinking, so a rigid connection will lead to the destruction of a less durable structure - most likely it will be a terrace. In this case, the veranda is built using the tongue-and-groove method - it will slide around the house as if on rails, and the difference in shrinkage rates will not harm the structure in any way.
• If the house has been standing for a long time and the shrinkage has completed, a rigid connection of the terrace to it is allowed. In this case, a gasket made of waterproofing material (for example, roofing felt) is used and the joint is treated with polyurethane foam.

It will not be possible to make the foundation unified if the terrace was not conceived at the design stage of the house, but nevertheless, you should try to combine the bases of the veranda and the house as efficiently as possible.

The type of foundation is selected depending on the design features of the terrace, primarily its mass, as well as the type of soil.

Formation of flooring

Whether the planned veranda is closed or its main attribute is complete openness, in any case the floor of the terrace must be durable, warm and protected from destruction.

Most often, even if the rest of the veranda is made of concrete or brick, the floor is made of wood. This is due to both the practical and aesthetic properties of this material:

• wood prevents heat from escaping into the ground;
• it is durable;
• wood is completely safe for health;
• such a floor practically does not require decorative treatment, since the material itself is very beautiful - you just need to cover it with a layer of varnish to protect it from damage.

The floor on the finished foundation is built in the following order.

All wooden elements of the veranda must be treated with antiseptic and antibacterial impregnations. This will protect the terrace floor from rotting, damage by fungi and other microorganisms, significantly extending its service life.

Walling

Walls, unlike the floor, are an optional attribute of attached verandas. Instead of them, it is quite possible to build a regular one. The veranda may not have any fencing at all - some projects for adding a veranda to the house involve the use of plants and hedges as a fence. If you plan to make full-fledged railings, walls and roofing, the next stage after the formation of the floor will be the construction of the frame.

A lightweight wooden frame is made like this.

1. Along the perimeter of the floor, beams are laid, connected to each other with a direct lock. Grooves should be made on them for attaching the racks in increments of about 50 cm.
2. The racks are fixed in the grooves using metal brackets.
3. The top of the racks is tied with timber.
4. We make rafters for the roof.

A lightweight metal frame is erected in a similar way. If the foundation allows, the frame can be made of concrete or brick. The thickness of the load-bearing structural elements may differ from the characteristics of the walls of the main house. Roof supports must be at least 1.5 bricks thick, fence posts must be 125 mm thick.

Terrace walls can be finished using a variety of materials:

• wooden or plastic lining;
• metal siding;
• beam;
• decorative brick and much more.

The main thing is compliance with the appearance of the house.

The walls of the veranda must be connected to the wall of the house in the same way as the foundations of the structures. For this purpose, steel embedded elements are used. They are fixed in the main wall using deep holes, and in the wall structures of the terrace they are laid at the construction stage and secured with cement-sand mortar.

If the veranda is made open, railings are erected instead of walls. They can also be made from wood, metal, WPC, brick or concrete. This type of fence consists of posts, balusters and railings.

Roofing

The roof of the terrace can be removable, but it is better to securely fasten it to the frame if you plan to build a durable veranda. Like the floor, the main part of the roof is made of wood. The reliability and durability of the structure depend on how accurately the construction technology is followed.

The main terrace is a rafter system consisting of wooden beams and sheathing made of boards. The purpose of this system is to hold the roofing material in place and withstand external influences - for example, precipitation pressure. Therefore, a lot depends on the quality of the rafters.

First of all, the rafters are treated with antiseptic agents. Next, the following work is done.

After all the main elements of the veranda have been completed, all that remains is to make a few finishing touches - do the interior decoration, carry out electrical wiring and, if necessary, heating, and install lounge furniture.

The listed construction work is only the basic part of the technology that any veranda extension requires. The remaining elements - stairs, decorative elements - are made in accordance with the project. Having built the main parts of the terrace, you can probably easily cope with the additional ones.

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A covered veranda can serve not only as a beautiful extension to the house, but also as a unique place to relax or work. In it you can enjoy the view of the surrounding nature and feel comfortable in hot summers and cold winters, as well as in any bad weather.

Photo of a closed veranda built to the house:

Project development

Attention ! It is imperative to develop a project before construction, since the quality of the future premises depends on it.

First, you need to determine for what purpose you plan to build a veranda, whether you are going to use it in the winter (then you will need full insulation) or whether it will only be used as a closed summer veranda. Then its future location and size are determined.

A veranda is usually located near one of the walls of the house, and it is often built on the side invisible to prying eyes, so that you can feel secluded and completely free. There must be a door inside the room leading to the main building.

Photo of the enclosed veranda attached to the house:

Also, do not forget about the future view from the building and its location relative to the sun. So, for example, the southeast side will receive more sunlight than the north. So, if you live in the northern region, it is better to place it on the south side of the house, but for the southern region, on the contrary, it is recommended to build on the north side so that there is more shade.

The optimal size of a closed veranda is 3 m wide, from 3 to 6 m long.

Attention ! The veranda should correspond to the size of the main building, that is, if the house is large, then it should not be too small and vice versa.

Now you need to choose the design of the closed veranda. It is recommended to build it from the same materials as the dacha was built, or use those most suitable for the style of the main building, the main thing is that both buildings are in harmony with each other.

The height of the veranda foundation must coincide with the foundation of the house. If it is built after the construction of the house, then the foundation is most often made on pillars. It is better to make the floor immediately insulated.

Important ! The veranda should fit tightly to the house with its walls and roof so that precipitation does not get inside or there are no drafts.

The roof should be made pitched and flatter than that of the main building.

The veranda, by definition, should have a lot of light, which means there should be a lot of windows, at least two. You can even make walls entirely of windows, including sliding ones. Sliding panels can be opened by remote control or mechanically.

If the veranda will be used in winter, then thermally insulating double-glazed windows or polycarbonate should be installed.

You can heat a closed country veranda with ordinary heaters or a fireplace. Moreover, there are many types of fireplaces, so it can easily be selected for any veranda design.

In hot summers, you can hang blinds, curtains or any other curtains to protect yourself from the sun.

Photos of projects of a closed veranda built for the house:

How and how to close the veranda

You can glaze the veranda in the following ways:

• wooden frames with ordinary glass;
• PVC windows
• cellular or monolithic polycarbonate.

With all of the above methods, you can close the veranda yourself. But before you start closing the veranda, you should draw a diagram of future windows, because:

• the room should be spacious and bright;
• it is necessary to determine the number of opening windows;
• take into account the location of the furniture so that it does not interfere with opening the windows.

Let's consider one of the ways - how to cover the veranda with polycarbonate.

Advantages of polycarbonate:

• high strength (especially monolithic polycarbonate);
• blocks UV radiation;
• low thermal conductivity;
• plastic;
• environmentally friendly;
• Thanks to the wide range of colors, you can create an unusual design.

After the diagram has been drawn and the materials have been calculated, the frame is built. It can be made from metal profiles, wooden beams, bricks or other materials that remain from the construction of the main building.

Important ! When calculating the required building material, take into account the dimensions of the polycarbonate sheets and its minimum possible bending.

Before covering your dacha veranda with polycarbonate, you need to remember several important rules for installing polycarbonate:

• sheathing pitch 60-80 cm;
• vertical channels of cellular polycarbonate should be positioned only vertically so that condensate can flow out;
• The sheets are connected to each other with special connecting profiles;
• the cut of the sheet located at the top must be covered with a special tape and profile, the bottom cut is covered with a tape that is capable of allowing moisture to pass through, and several holes are drilled in the profile for the lower part for the drainage of condensate;
• It is recommended to secure the sheets with thermal washers, as they do not damage the coating during its expansion with temperature changes;
• also, when attaching sheets of cellular polycarbonate, it is necessary to leave free space inside the adjacent parts (for example, profiles) for expansion of the material;
• Remove the protective film only after installation;
• You can cut polycarbonate into the necessary parts with a jigsaw.

Below are photos of what a veranda closed from the outside with polycarbonate looks like:

Porch

A closed veranda with a porch will look much more comfortable and attractive, and will also take on a completely finished look.

The porch can be built from wood, brick, stone, concrete mix, metal or with the addition of metal elements.

The porch covering must be frost-resistant and non-slip to avoid bruises or injuries.

Advice ! The porch should always be clean and tidy, as it affects the entire appearance of the house.

The porch can be of different shapes and sizes, it all depends on your imagination and capabilities, the main thing is that it also combines with the rest of the buildings. All of their types are equally suitable for both closed and open verandas.

Photo of a closed and open veranda with a porch:

Interior of a closed veranda

After the veranda has finally been built, it's time to move on to its interior.

During registration, you need to remember the location of the veranda. So, if it is located on the eastern or northern side, then, for example, the British colonial style would be most suitable:

• wicker furniture made of rattan, mahogany or bamboo;
• linen and cotton fabrics with floral patterns;
• many pillows with covers;
• tropical motifs (palm, ferns).

The floor can be covered with a dark-colored material, since due to the location of the room it will not overheat.

If the building is located on the south side, then the Mediterranean style, where there is a lot of blue and white, is perfect. Moreover, such colors are used not only in furniture, but also in room decoration. There must be a lot of fresh flowers and the presence of Roman blinds.

In each of these cases, you can apply any style with an ethnic flavor:

• Oriental;
• ecostyle;
• Scandinavian;
• Provence;
• country and so on.

All of them have a common feature - natural materials, that is, wood, bamboo, natural fabrics.

But whatever the style, there are universal things that will make any room even cozier and more comfortable:

• sofa cushions;
• tablecloths;
• chair covers;
• flowers in pots or trees, bouquets in vases, flowerpots;
• candlesticks, night lights;
• paintings, photographs, panels.

Photo of the design of a closed veranda:

In addition to all this, the interior of the veranda directly depends on the purpose of its use.

A closed veranda at the dacha can serve as:

• hallway, porch;
• kitchens, dining room;
• living room;
• children's;
• office;
• greenhouses.

Important ! When decorating a veranda, remember the main rule of designers - proportionality, that is, there is no need to fill a small veranda with huge furniture and vice versa.

Veranda-living room

Most often, the veranda is designed as a living room. For this case, you will definitely need armchairs, chairs, a coffee table and a sofa (if the area of ​​the room allows). In order for each family member to use such a room, it is necessary to take into account the needs of each of them during registration.

Each furniture and element should be combined with each other in style. If furniture is arranged in groups, comfort will be felt best.

Photo of the design of a closed veranda-living room in a private house:

Veranda-dining room or kitchen

One of the most comfortable and pleasant places in the house. The minimalist style is perfect for such a case. An ordinary set of table and chairs, indoor plants and textiles. Or you can decorate it with sweet details or retro style.

In any case, since this is a kitchen, you should take care of excellent lighting.

Photo of the interior of a closed veranda-kitchen in a country house:

Veranda-office

A comfortable chair, a desk, a shelf with books - these are the most important things that should be in the office. The rest depends only on your desire and the size of the room.

Children's veranda

The children's room can be decorated in the form of a ship or a princess house. You will need a lot of colorful pillows of various shapes and characters, cozy houses, a sandbox with balls, and you can even install a swing.