Veranda for the house: projects, do-it-yourself photos at the dacha, videos and useful information - you will find all this in this article. A veranda is an open or closed extension that serves as a living room, a place to relax or a room for clothing. The name comes from the Portuguese word varanda, which translates as glass terrace.
The presented material is divided into four parts:
- In the first part we will tell you what a closed and open veranda attached to a house is, as well as their characteristic features. We will select the optimal materials for the construction of the frame and roof decking. We will also touch on the topic of foundation.
- The second chapter presents a do-it-yourself veranda project for a house made of timber with a polycarbonate roof, in the form of an open-type building.
- The third chapter tells how to make a veranda in a closed country house from expanded clay blocks with a roof made of metal profiles.
- In conclusion, a couple more tips - let's talk about possible construction defects, insulation, flooring and inserting windows into the building.
You can use the navigation bar and move to the overview chapter you are interested in or immediately learn how to build a veranda with your own hands. Let's get started with the review part!
Closed or open veranda attached to the house?
Open and closed types of verandas have their pros and cons, which you need to think about before starting construction.
The difference in a closed and open veranda attached to a house is based on the following principles:
- quantity of materials;
- protection from weather conditions;
- storage space;
- availability of review.
First of all, adding a veranda to a house spends much more resources on its construction than an open one. It requires fully built walls with window openings, the insertion of window frames and a more solid foundation that can support the mass of the walls. 
Weather protection and storage space go hand in hand. On a closed veranda with a door, it is quite possible to take shelter during a storm and calmly drink tea, while your neighbors from the house watch how their terrace board in the open place is flooded with rain. The same goes for storage - you can easily leave your bike on a closed veranda for the winter without worrying about the fact that someone might steal it.
On the other hand, an open veranda to the house gives an excellent view without requiring the installation of large and expensive windows. On a sunny day, it is quite possible to have an afternoon siesta on it, relaxing under the light breeze from the midday heat.
Once the decision has been made on what type of veranda is needed, try to develop a future layout for it on paper. This doesn’t require any special skill, but even the most banal sketches will help you decide on the amount of materials and their type. It would be a good idea to mark the territory on the site so as not to make mistakes in the calculations.
Choosing material for constructing the veranda frame
This chapter discusses the most practical and popular materials for creating a frame. The best options for building a veranda are:
- beam;
- brick;
- profile pipe;
- expanded clay concrete blocks.
Before talking about them, it is worth making a small digression. The frame is a very important thing, and how strong the veranda will be will depend on its strength, so you should not choose only based on the cost of materials.
When building a veranda at the dacha with your own hands, all types of materials for the frame can be combined with each other. Brick will be an excellent support for the facade, and beams and metal profiles will help to continue the walls or supports.
timber
The veranda to the house, the projects, photos of which are presented in this article, are classics. Timber is lumber larger than 100mm. It is made either from solid wood or by gluing individual boards together. The first option for creating timber is much more reliable, although somewhat more expensive.
The shape of the timber is usually square or rectangular - round ones are already logs. It differs from each other in the processed, edging, sides. Bars are produced:
- double-edged;
- three-edged;
- four-edged.
Separately, it is worth highlighting rounded timber - this type of lumber is made from solid wood, the sides of which lead to strict conformity of dimensions relative to the center. Such beams have special strength and structure: their tension is the same on all sides, which allows the beams to retain their shape when drying up to a deviation of half a millimeter.
The main physical quality of a timber veranda is its great elasticity and strength. Unfortunately, the structure of wood can sometimes have negative consequences - over time it dries out and expands due to temperature changes. Therefore, when planning the frame, you should take this into account, giving the tree a few millimeters of margin for expansion. In addition, we can highlight greater resistance to temperature and weather conditions, which are especially evident in dried and treated wood. 
The cost of timber for a veranda in a private house depends on its quality and the type of wood used. Each type of wood has its own appearance and properties. Beams made of spruce and pine are cheaper than their counterparts made of ash, beech or oak, but do not have such an intricate pattern.
A little later, in the second chapter of this article, we will look at how to make an open veranda out of wood with your own hands step by step in 35 steps.
A brick is a product with regular sides, made from mineral substances - clay, sand and other materials. With skillful work, you can create a very strong and beautiful brick veranda attached to your house with your own hands. All bricks nowadays are standardized, which makes it possible to work with them very quickly. 
Brickwork has a number of unique properties:
- resistance to all types of weather conditions;
- fire resistance;
- durability.
In addition, brick does not require any special treatment - it does not fade over time, which allows you not to think about painting. The main disadvantage is the low resistance of the masonry to various impacts - over time it can crumble, and cracks can appear in the masonry.
Brick production is very well developed - you can find goods of any color and shape on the market. In the construction of brick verandas in a village, country house or private house, red bricks, which are made mainly from clay, and silicate, white bricks, made from sand and lime, are most often used.
Building with brick can cost a lot of money - a closed veranda can take a couple of dozen stacks, which will cost a lot of money, however, this pays off in the durability and strength of the masonry.
Profile pipe
The metal frame veranda has also become widespread among builders. A profile pipe is a solid or welded metal product with any cross-section that differs from the standard round one. It is made from rolled low-alloy steel (although there are also stainless steel specimens), with a thickness from 1mm to 22mm. The cross-section can be very different, from 10mm to 500mm. 
The main properties of a profile pipe for a veranda include:
- ease;
- flexibility;
- no need for post-processing.
Such a pipe is ideal for creating veranda frames and posts, which are subsequently sheathed with various finishing materials. Working with it is quite simple - the pipes are cut with a grinder or iron scissors to the required height, after which they are twisted together with screws. 
The design of a veranda made from a profile pipe is easy to manufacture and will not require you to spend a lot of money, but it definitely requires subsequent processing with finishing materials. It is precisely the “frame” that is obtained from it, when almost completed structures emerge from other materials.
Expanded clay concrete blocks
Expanded clay concrete is one of the most convenient materials. The block is a kind of large-sized “brick” that is light and has heat capacity. Installing a veranda made of blocks does not take long - the blocks are lubricated with the mixture and stacked on top of each other. 
The difference between the blocks lies in their formulation - expanded clay concrete with a high cement content is more durable and stable, but conducts heat better and, as a result, cools faster. Clay, on the contrary, gives softness to the material and better insulates temperature.
The greatest difficulty in their use for these types of verandas is the connection - expanded clay concrete glue, which is necessary for masonry, is quite difficult to use. The cost of such material is low - this allows you to not spend too much on the construction of the frame. 
Choosing roofing material
When deciding what your veranda will look like for your house (projects, do-it-yourself photos at the dacha below), you should turn to the roof, but only after you decide what the frame will be made of. A house with a veranda under one roof will look better, but it is not always possible to plan a veranda at the stage of designing a house.
The article will cover:
- corrugated sheeting;
- metal tiles;
- soft tiles.
All materials are great for a veranda, however, the best solution would be to continue the same type of roofing that is already on the roof of the house. Such a solution will make the veranda part of a single whole, which will create a complete design of the building.
On average, not too much money is spent on the roof of a veranda attached to a country house - 7-8 sq.m. corrugated sheets, for example, will cost a fairly modest amount, which allows you not to think about saving at this stage of work.
Polycarbonate
Polycarbonate sheets are a real “savior” for anyone who is planning to add a veranda to their house with their own hands. Their main advantage is considered to be transparency like glass without the latter's disadvantages - fragility and heaviness.
Polycarbonate veranda attached to the house - photo at the dacha In addition, polycarbonate sheets:
- easily attach to any surface;
- have a large number of colors;
- protected from humidity and temperature changes.
The main vulnerability of polycarbonate is its poor resistance to impacts - large hail can easily pierce the sheet and ruin the roof. This is especially offensive when the sheet is thoroughly screwed in - to avoid various patches it is necessary to completely change the area.
Now it is produced in the format of solid, monolithic sheets and honeycomb panels. To work with it, it is enough to build a wooden frame, onto which sheets will be glued or screwed on top with screws and thermal washers. The screwdriver should be used at low speed - otherwise you risk leaving a crack on the sheet.
Polycarbonate can help create a beautiful veranda for your home, completely filled with sunlight, from which no lighting will be required during the daytime. 
Corrugated sheet
Corrugated sheet is a sheet of thin-rolled stainless steel with a wavy relief. The material is the fastest and most versatile when installing veranda roofing. On sale you can find a fairly wide range of profiled sheets - different in color, thickness (which varies from 1mm to 4mm), wave size and other factors. 
Profiled sheeting is credited with:
- ease of operation due to quick coverage of a large area;
- resistance to weather changes;
- flexibility.
The disadvantages of a thin profiled sheet can be considered softness - it can be easily pressed through, carelessly leaning on your elbow or stepping on it. Dents are quite difficult to straighten, so it is better to be careful when working. 
Attaching corrugated sheeting during the construction of a veranda in a private house is quite simple - the sheet is laid on transverse flat joists and screwed with screws with drills and a pressing rubberized washer. At the top of the sheet it is fixed at each interval between the waves, in the middle and end - after 1-2 intervals. The next sheet is laid overlapping the previous one.
It is better to work with a screwdriver in the same way as with polycarbonate - carefully screwing in the fastener at low speed, since excessive tension can deform the sheet, and the screw will leave a hole that is too wide, through which water will then flow.
Metal tiles
It can be given first place in popularity when building a covered veranda. Metal tiles are thin sheets of steel, stainless steel or aluminum, which are shaped like regular tiles. They are covered with a special protective layer on top, which, in addition to protecting against rust, provides a variety of colors and textures.
The material is well protected from corrosion, is lightweight and easy to install. A square meter of tile costs, relative to other materials, average. The price depends on the thickness, composition of the protective coating and the metal used. It is higher for aluminum and stainless steel, however, compared to them, steel provides less durability.
Creating a veranda roof in a country house from metal tiles is a very pleasant job, but its features depend on the characteristics of the sheet. For sheets without special fastenings in the form of a “loop-hook” system, it is necessary to firmly twist the sheets together with screws. The first sheet is scrolled in each wave, the middle - with an interval of several waves. Connections between two sheets are also scrolled into each wave.
With special fastenings, you can do without a large number of screws - the first sheet is most firmly attached with screws, the rest are held on the first sheet and are attached only through a section. The screwdriver should also be used as slowly as possible so as not to bend the texture.
If the roof of your house is made of metal tiles, then the roof of the veranda at the dacha can either be continued with it or covered with corrugated sheeting. From the same manufacturer, they are likely to have the same shade, which will give integrity between both buildings.
Soft tiles
Do-it-yourself veranda for your house – projects and photos made from timber This type of tile is made from bitumen and fiberglass. In appearance, it rather resembles a flexible sheet of plastic material. By using synthetic materials, it can be given any appearance that will fit perfectly into the exterior interior of the veranda.
It is durable and does not require special handling. Flexible tiles are quite resistant to external aggressive environments, but at high temperatures the bitumen heats up and can become deformed over time.
At the moment it is mainly produced in the form of:
- rectangular sheets;
- diamonds;
- hexagons;
- “beaver tails” and other forms.
Working with it is quite simple - the material is placed from bottom to top so that the top sheet overlaps the previous one. The upper edge of the sheet is nailed or screwed with a screw with a hidden head. To place tiles on the veranda roof, a flat surface over the entire area is required, which can be made using a monolithic sheet of various materials.
When using wood materials, it is advisable to lay a waterproof lining between the tiles and the wood. These are sold in stores, however, thick plastic film will do just fine instead. You shouldn’t pull it tightly in advance - when driving in, the excess areas will go under the nail, and the film will straighten out on its own. This approach is very useful when using MDF or fiberboard panels.
Choosing material for the foundation for the veranda of the house
The foundation for the veranda of the house depends on the materials chosen for the frame. Different frames require different rigidity from the foundation, which imposes certain restrictions on its construction. Next, two foundation options will be considered:
- Columnar foundation for the veranda;
- Tape base.
The cost of a veranda base depends directly on its size. If you decide to design a house with a veranda, then a single foundation would be a good option. This allows for better distribution of air movement underground. Otherwise, already laid communications may interfere with the correct placement of foundation sections.
You should not save on the foundation - in the future it can do you a very disservice. The destruction will lead to the entire structure being mowed down and its destruction. It is very difficult to fix this - to do this you will have to either raise the foundation with a jack, or completely dismantle the veranda and build it anew. This will lead to damage to the materials used and to unnecessary financial costs.
The main essence of the columnar foundation for the veranda is hidden in the name. It consists of concrete columns on which various materials are already placed. The design is easy to create and does not require the purchase of special materials - for the usual version you only need cement and sand. 
Columns can be made:
- made of brick;
- by casting from concrete;
- from foam concrete blocks;
- from parts of concrete pillars and so on.
The simplest method is cast concrete bases, on top of which there are pillars for a brick veranda. Conventional concrete is used - a mixture of cement with sand and gravel in a ratio of 1: 2: 2.5. A hole with a diameter of about 600 mm is dug in the ground, into which a wooden box with sides of 500 mm and a height of 600-700 mm is immersed. To strengthen the base, you can place a metal mesh inside the casting, making reinforced concrete out of it, or throw in any unnecessary debris made of durable metal. It is advisable to lay a horizontal mesh every 50-100mm, which will provide the necessary pressure strength, and every 100mm vertically, which will prevent the post from falling apart. 
The quality of the brick does not play a special role - you can also use old brick, which has been cleaned of the remains of the dried mixture, but in this case it is advisable to additionally cover it with finishing material. The masonry is made in three rows of bricks, each level changing direction. The posts are placed at a distance of 500-1000mm from each other, be sure to add additional support at each corner.
On such light foundations for a veranda, a framework of boards is usually created. You can choose almost any timber - for a solid foundation, a 100mm by 60mm timber is sufficient. The beams are screwed to the brickwork using metal corners on dowels on both sides of the board. 
The main advantage of a columnar foundation for a veranda to a house with your own hands is the speed of construction - most of the time is spent on hardening the mixture and, in the case of adding brick supports, the speed of collecting the masonry. It depends on the skill of the master, but in general, it also goes quickly.
Despite the fact that the masonry itself is strong, the beams will not be able to support the weight of closed brick or expanded clay concrete masonry, so it is only suitable for light frames made of wood or metal profiles. Increased strength can be achieved by using iron joists, but they are expensive and very massive. 
Strip foundation
This type of veranda foundation is a completely poured concrete foundation. It is made by pouring a mixture of cement, sand and fine gravel into pre-prepared trenches with a wooden box, formwork. The operating time increases depending on the height of the foundation and the size of the veranda. 
Such a foundation is much stronger than a columnar one, so you can safely place brickwork and expanded clay concrete blocks on it - it will be able to withstand their weight and will not sag over time.
Do-it-yourself work with a strip foundation for a veranda begins with digging a trench. Its depth should be approximately 400-500mm. The formwork is assembled over this trench. In general, the depth of the foundation should correspond to the frost depth in your area. After completing the collection of the box, pouring the mixture begins.
The mixture is made in a ratio of 1:2:2.5 from cement, sand and concrete, respectively. For greater strength, it is worth laying it with a reinforced mesh both horizontally and vertically, with a pitch of each mesh of 100-200mm. 
It must be taken into account that the strongest foundation will be with a one-time pour, since with different hardening times the concrete forms separate pieces, which in the future may sag, causing cracks throughout the building. It is advisable to work as quickly as possible - a concrete mixer or custom-made concrete will be a good help.
The same problem will occur when adding a veranda to an already finished house with a foundation. A good idea would be to place metal rods with reinforced mesh welded to them in the finished foundation. This will save you from problems in the future. 
After hardening, the boxes are removed, and the ground next to the foundation is leveled. To make the area more beautiful, you can fill the area next to such a foundation with pebbles, or place flower beds on it. In the third chapter of the material, we will look in more detail at how to make the correct foundation for a veranda in the form of a strip.
Veranda to the house: projects, do-it-yourself photos at the dacha and how to plan an event correctly
Of course, the best option is when the veranda to the house with your own hands in the country (projects, photos below) is planned before the house is built, so that they have a common foundation and a more complete overall design. This avoids:
- collapse of individual parts of the foundation;
- differences in materials and their shades;
- the presence of unnecessary elements that may interfere with the veranda - windows, doors, etc.
However, sometimes the idea of building a veranda for a house appears already during the operation of a residential building. In this case, you need to immediately decide:
- what kind of foundation is required;
- Will the materials of the veranda and the house match?
A column foundation is much more convenient for adding a veranda to a house, especially when the height of the house allows it. In this case, additional pillars are also placed along the perimeter of the house wall so that the floor of the future veranda does not sag due to constant or dynamic pressure.
If your plans include creating a closed veranda, or using brick or expanded clay concrete masonry, it is better to use a more durable strip foundation. Additional strength can be given to the connection either with special adapters, which are mounted into the foundation of the house and filled with the mixture, or with improvised materials. As practice shows, you can do without them. 
The location of the veranda relative to the doors and windows is also important. An open veranda will not interfere with the windows in any way - the level of light passing through the opening will also be sufficient, but on hot days the roof can save you from the scorching sun.
You should not place the veranda next to the windows of personal rooms - people who will be on the veranda can violate the owner’s privacy and make his life much less comfortable.
A closed veranda and windows in a house are incompatible things. Even with large window openings, this can interfere with the overall design of the room and render the window useless for the home. However, there are exceptions to any rule.
Incredibly cozy The location of the door is also quite important. If your house has two doors - a front door, the entrance from the front side, and a spare one, for example, leading from the living room to the garden, it would be more logical to place a veranda near the second one. Of course, if you want to radically change the layout of the house, you can add an additional exit to the veranda, which will become an additional highlight.
When planning, you should take into account the direction of the door opening - it can become a problem for the future interior and interfere with the arrangement of furniture. Problems with this can be avoided by using sliding entrance doors, or by making the veranda part of the house, insulating it and eliminating the entrance door on the wall of the main building. 
The difference in the time of construction of the veranda and the house can also affect the materials. When selecting similar material, you may come across:
- differences in shades that change from batch to batch;
- lack of the required range of material in stock;
- disappearance of a material from sale due to its discontinuation from production.
Of course, a veranda and a house made of the same materials look much better, but if you could not find a completely matching roof or brick, the ideal solution would be to select contrasts, both in color and texture. The only thing you shouldn’t experiment with is the roof. Different roofs (with the exception of polycarbonate) rarely look good. 
Polycarbonate veranda attached to the house - photo instructions for the project
This master class looks at how to make a veranda for a house (project and photo below) of the classic open type. This combination of materials allows you to quickly build a summer veranda made of wood, open to the sun, with your own hands, on which you can rest on a hot day. The dimensions of the finished building are 3000mm in length and 6000mm in width.
Selection of wood and its properties
When choosing wood for a summer veranda, you need to take into account that it will be under the constant influence of the environment, which negatively affects the tree.
There are two main types of wood on the market.
1. Coniferous trees - spruce, pine, larch, fir;
The most accessible is pine, which is used both in carpentry and for the construction of buildings. It is cheaper than other types of wood, which allows you to save money during construction.
Another good option for an attached polycarbonate veranda to the house (photo below) is spruce. It can withstand loads well and does not bend, and is also not subject to seasonal fluctuations in humidity, which can be important for construction in coastal areas of the seas and in rainy areas. The properties of coniferous wood are presented in the table.
Physical properties of softwood (average value)
| Wood type | Density, kg/m3 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| at 12% humidity | completely dry | conditional | volumetric | radial | tangential | |
| spruce | 445 | 420 | 360 | 0,43/0,50 | 0,16/0,17 | 0,28/0,31 |
| larch | 660 | 630 | 520 | 0,52/0,61 | 0,19/0,20 | 0,35/0,39 |
| cedar pine | 435 | 410 | 350 | 0,37/0,42 | 0,12/0,12 | 0,26/0,28 |
| Scots pine | 500 | 470 | 400 | 0,44/0,51 | 0,17/0,18 | 0,28/0,31 |
| Caucasian fir | 435 | 410 | 350 | 0,46/0,54 | 0,17/0,18 | 0,31/0,34 |
| Siberian fir | 373 | 350 | 300 | 0,39/0,44 | 0,11/0,11 | 0,28/0,31 |
A cut of softwood in the photographs below.
2. Deciduous trees - linden, birch, aspen, beech, oak.
Larch and cedar are opposite to each other. Larch is very difficult to process - the density of its core is twice as high as that of other trees, which makes the timber highly susceptible to any impact, while cedar, on the contrary, is quite soft to work with. Both are excellent at resisting moisture accumulation.
Among deciduous trees, you can take a closer look at oak - it is incredibly durable and protected from all types of damage that can overtake a tree. The main disadvantage is its cost. Ash and beech are also good for porches, but they are very susceptible to infestation. The properties of hardwood are presented in the table.
Physical properties of hardwood (average value)
| Wood type | Density, kg/m3 | Coefficients of shrinkage (numerator) and swelling (denominator), % | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| at 12% humidity | completely dry | conditional | volumetric | radial | tangential | |
| Linden | 495 | 470 | 400 | 0,49/0,58 | 0,22/0,23 | 0,30/0,33 |
| birch | 630 | 600 | 500 | 0,54/0,64 | 0,26/0,28 | 0,31/0,34 |
| beech | 670 | 640 | 530 | 0,47/0,55 | 0,17/0,18 | 0,32/0,35 |
| English oak | 690 | 650 | 550 | 0,43/0,50 | 0,18/0,19 | 0,27/0,29 |
| alder | 520 | 490 | 420 | 0,43/0,49 | 0,16/0,17 | 0,28/0,30 |
| aspen | 495 | 470 | 400 | 0,41/0,47 | 0,14/0,15 | 0,28/0,30 |
See the cut of the presented deciduous trees in the photographs provided.
The choice of polycarbonate and its characteristics
Choosing polycarbonate for a veranda is not difficult, especially when you know what characteristics are needed from it. Polycarbonate sheet nowadays consists of several layers:
- protective layer that filters ultraviolet radiation;
- a coating added to selectively transmit light;
- polycarbonate plate.
Changing these characteristics allows you to achieve any appearance and transmitted light from polycarbonate. The color can be any - everything is limited only by the imagination of the master, however, in this work the choice was made in favor of ordinary, transparent polycarbonate. 
The sizes of the sheets also vary - from small panels 1000x1500mm to huge sheets 5000x10000mm, however, polycarbonate sheets can be easily cut with a construction knife. The thickness of the sheet affects its strength and wind resistance, but as the thickness increases, the price of each sheet also increases.
It is worth remembering that the polycarbonate sheet on the veranda roof can crack very quickly under high pressure. This imposes restrictions on the creation of various roofs - large gaps between the rafters can lead to breakage of the sheet at the first serious snowdrifts.
In this project, we made only one row of beams, which went in increments of 866 mm, since it was done in the Crimea, where very little snow falls in winter. You can see the main properties of monolithic and honeycomb panels in the table below.
Veranda drawing
A drawing of a veranda helps to avoid various design mistakes, and you don’t need to have any special drawing skills; a regular sketch will do. 
The image shows a schematic drawing of a veranda for a house 3 by 6 meters. The total width of the veranda - 6000 mm is achieved due to the width of the roof. For the first beam, an indent of 300 mm is made from the corners. The height of the vertical beams is 2000mm, they are installed with a gap of 1750mm. Front roof crossbar – 6000mm. 
The drawing of the veranda shows the roof. For it, longitudinal logs 3000 mm long are used, which are located at a distance of 866 mm from each other.
This arrangement of the beams allows for maximum sun transmission from the roofing - a small number of joists guarantees a greater amount of rays.
To strengthen the structure, you can put 816mm long bars between each longitudinal joist with a step of 1000mm from the beginning of the roof. This will firmly strengthen the polycarbonate sheets.
By the way, if you want to do this, look for the relevant material on our website.
Based on the measurements, we will need:
- 1 beam 6000mm long;
- 7 beams 3000mm long;
- 4 beams 2000mm long.
The total roof area is equal to 18 sq.m.
To strengthen the pillars, special metal legs with pins will be made, which are attached to the lower end of the beam and recessed into the concrete pillar during its pouring. You will need 4 of them.
Preparatory activities
This veranda for the house (project, photo below) provides for the preparatory activities described in the table.
 | 1. 7 beams with a section of 50x150mm. All the main elements will be sawn from it, and the corners will be cut from the remains, which will serve for additional fastening of the vertical supports. |
 | 2. 4 metal supports that will be laid with concrete and provide stability to the wooden beams |
 | 3. They can be made from leftover metal corners. They were pre-cut to a length of 100mm, and then welded to each other with an exact fit to 50mm. |
 | 4. A metal pin 500-600 mm long is welded to them from below. The length is not very critical - the reinforcement will be inserted into future holes and filled with concrete. 4 holes are pre-drilled in each wall, into which self-tapping screws will then be screwed in to secure the post in the support. |
 | 5. Cellular polycarbonate with a total area of 18 sq.m. A sheet measuring 2100x9000mm and 8mm thick was purchased. The sheet was cut for the future roof into pieces measuring 3000x2100, a total of 3 such pieces were required. The remaining 300mm can either be reduced by cutting from the last sheet, or left. When cutting, it is better to leave a margin of 10-20mm to avoid shortages - this will insure you in case of an error in the calculations. |
 | 6. You will also need steel blanks 450mm long and 10-15mm wide. |
 | 7. They are marked into three parts of 150mm each. 3-4 holes are drilled in the extreme parts, which will serve for screwing in self-tapping screws and subsequently securing the upper frame trim to the crossbars of the house. |
 | 8. We receive the material ready for installation. |
 | 9. Stripes must be painted in any color. The most convenient way to do this is with regular iron enamel. You can also read in a special article on our website (point 5). |
A mixture is also required. Cement “200” is suitable. For 4 concrete columns you will need approximately 1 bag of cement, 2 bags of coarse sand and approximately 2 volumes of gravel, which is necessary for strength.
Tools needed:
- hand circular saw;
- grinder with grinding wheel, grain size – 150;
- electric plane;
- sandpaper for finishing minor polishing imperfections;
- a drill with a long drill for preparing holes in corners and crossbars, as well as a nozzle for mixing the cementitious mixture;
- screwdriver;
- rubber mallet;
- corner;
- level.
The indicated list of tools will give you the opportunity to work calmly without spending a lot of time preparing the material. By the way, a circular saw can be completely replaced with a regular hand saw, and an electric plane can be replaced with a hand plane for wood.
You definitely shouldn’t give up on a screwdriver - it will help you twist the structure and drill all the holes. Nails don't always perform well, especially when it involves nailing wood and metal together through a hole in the latter.
Columnar foundation
The discussed do-it-yourself veranda project for a house involves the use of timber as a support with reinforcing pins screwed to them with a stand for connection (mortgage).
The bottom trim is not used; the role of the floor is played by already laid tiles. This is a good option to save on flooring without losing quality.
Step 10. For the future foundation, some of the tiles are disassembled and holes are dug in them. 
Depth - approximately 300-400mm, diameter - about 200mm. This veranda is quite light, so it is not necessary to assemble a box for the post and fill it with reinforced mesh. If you plan to install the lower trim using more materials, it is necessary to strengthen the posts. Let's move on to the next stage - assembling the frame - which will bring us closer to answering the question of how to make a veranda for your home!
Frame assembly
The frame of the veranda will be assembled from timber. To do this, you must first saw it into blanks and bring it into a pleasant form by grinding. You should start by sawing 6000mm timber.
First, you should mark the required dimensions using a tape measure. On four beams we mark sections of 3000mm, on two more – 2000mm, after which we begin sawing. It is advisable to do this before sanding, since cutting already sanded wood may leave burrs and unsightly edges.
To create this veranda, it is very important to monitor the angle of the supports - they must go exactly 90 degrees, otherwise the 6000mm support beam will lie unevenly and there will be gaps visible to the naked eye.
 | 11. We begin to process the wood. Each board must be leveled with an electric plane. First, a layer is removed from one side. |
 | 12. Next, remove from the other side. The difficulty in working may be with the wider side - without skill it is quite difficult to remove the same size on each side, and it is even more difficult to do this with a regular mechanical plane. The main thing is not to overdo it and not to remove too much - the board for the veranda will be too loose in the prepared corner. |
 | 13. After trimming, we grind the surface using a grinder and a grinding wheel. |
 | 14. We carry out the procedure with each board. After this, it is advisable to put them in a dry, moisture-protected room so that the boards do not absorb water before being coated with a protective composition. |
The remaining pieces of timber will be used to make corners. Good support corner:
- has an angle of 45 degrees;
- designed for the required weight.
To do this, you don’t need to have much experience - just measure the same distance on each side of the board on which it will be attached. Since when connected, this structure will take the form of a triangle, the marked point will be its corners.
After this you need to use the formula: a 3 =b 2
Where a is the measured distance on the board, and b is the required length of the outer side of the support. We cube the distance on the board and put the resulting number in the root and extract it. You can also do this using a calculator - the resulting number will be accurate and will not let you down.
 | 15. To make an even 45-degree angle, simply gently bend one of the corners of an A4 sheet of paper to the opposite side. The resulting angle will be 45 degrees. |
 | 16. You can now draw corners from the outside and saw them. After all the manipulations, we will have corners for the veranda almost ready for installation. |
 | 17. We also grind them, and then make them perpendicular to the beveled plane of the hole using a long drill. |
 | 18. It is better to make several holes in a checkerboard pattern - this way the boards can be pressed evenly over the entire area. With such holes, the frame will come out more even, and the screws will definitely not go beyond the board. It is important that the holes are slightly smaller than the selected screws - otherwise we simply will not turn the wood and the self-tapping screw will lie freely in the boards, without having any effect on the strength of the structure. |
 | 19. After this, metal “legs” must be screwed to the future pillars for the veranda frame. To begin with, they need to be placed at the ends of the beams. If they are adjusted evenly, then this will have to be done with a hammer or mallet. |
 | 20. After the support is level on the beam, it must be screwed in place. We used 35mm screws, but you can use any you have on hand. You need to twist it first from one edge, and then from the other. |
 | 21. This way we ensure uniform placement of the part. The self-tapping screws screwed in the middle are support ones, so they should be screwed in when the part is already in place. As a result, we get a similar design. |
 | 22. Place the structure on the ground. The residue left after cutting can be used for support and more convenient twisting in the future. |
 | 23. In our case, we need 200mm self-tapping screws, which will be screwed on top of the load-bearing logs of the veranda, as well as 152mm self-tapping screws, which will fasten the corner supports to the boards. |
 | 24. We twist everything, measuring the surfaces using a metal corner or a ruler - this way the frame will come out much smoother. |
 | 25. It is better to recess the screw heads inside, or make them flush with the board - otherwise they will stick out, and when painting, excess varnish will collect and cause smudges. |
 | 26. After we have built the frame for the veranda with our own hands, it needs to be raised. You can’t handle this alone, so it’s better to call a neighbor or friends. The raised frame must be strengthened with one longitudinal joist. |
 | 27. In this case, it is temporarily secured with a clamp, which pulls the two together. On the side of the house, the beam is secured using a metal blank. |
 | 28. To level, you can place identical metal corners under each rack. |
 | 29. When the structure is leveled, you need to start pouring the cement mixture into the prepared holes. The mixture is made from cement, sand and gravel in a ratio of 1:2.5:2. Water should be added slowly until the future concrete reaches the desired viscosity. There is no need to make it too liquid or thick - it should flow smoothly from the spatula, as this will dry it out faster. |
 | 30. When the mixture hardens, the frame will look like this. After this you can paint it. For this veranda, a tinted antiseptic in Walnut color was used with an additional coating of yacht varnish. Here you can use any types of paints and antiseptics - everything is absolutely at your discretion. |
Upper harness
 | 30. Work for the top trim of the veranda begins with painting the longitudinal joists. |
 | 31. Acrylic varnish was used for coating. It impregnates the wood from moisture and prevents the process of rotting from developing, since it kills any bacterial infections. |
 | 32. After finishing painting, you need to start securing the veranda joists between the house and the frame. It is better to attach it to the house first, and it is very convenient to do this using prepared and painted plates. They are screwed on with screws on both sides. The free edge can simply lie on the frame - the concrete should already hold it quite firmly. It is better to twist the lag that we used to level the frame last, since it still holds the structure. We screw the end of the frame using 200mm self-tapping screws. |
 | 33. It is necessary to screw the screws into the frame quite accurately - otherwise there is a risk of the screw passing to the side, through the wood, which will spoil the appearance of the structure. After fixing all the logs, the structure will hold firmly and will not be dependent on the wind. |
Roof roof
Step 34. We cover the roof using already prepared polycarbonate sheets. They are attached to the upper plane of the longitudinal ones using self-tapping screws and special thermal washers. By the way, you can do without them - the veranda is open, and this will not particularly affect its insulation. The film must be removed from surfaces in advance.
The polycarbonate sheet has two sides - back and front. On the front side there is a film with marks indicating that the panel does not transmit ultraviolet rays.
You need to twist it as slowly as possible, otherwise there is a risk of cracking the polycarbonate.
Step 35. You may encounter a problem when the connection of two polycarbonate sheets extends beyond the joists. In this case, a special jumper is used, which is either put on the sheet in advance or can be placed in it afterwards. For this you only need a mallet. The jumper is driven between the sheets and does not require special fastening. 
Floor installation
On such a veranda there is no need for additional installation of the floor, but if it is needed in the future, you can simply create a lower frame on small posts along the edges and secure it with screws to the existing joists. After this, the frame can be covered with any finishing material - decking board, MDF board or linoleum.
After finishing the work, you get such a beautiful open veranda made by yourself. 
The polycarbonate used provides excellent transmission for sunlight, protecting the place from ultraviolet radiation. However, if there is too much light for you, then you can sew them that will be lined with the ceiling - this way they will cover the excess sun.
It would be a good idea to decorate the racks with curtains or even large blinds. You can also hang colorful garlands, which will bring some New Year aesthetics even on the hottest evening, making the space more cozy.
If you wash the floor well, it will be quite possible to walk on it barefoot, taking off your shoes at the threshold. Carpets and other utensils can be placed on the veranda, and a rocking chair or hammock will be an excellent addition to the relaxation area.
Video of the construction of a timber veranda
More details on how to build a veranda for your house with your own hands can be obtained from the video, which shows in detail all the processes described in the article. Special thanks to its creators for a clear and detailed explanation of all the points!
Now let's look at how to build a closed veranda with your own hands for a country house.
Do-it-yourself covered veranda made of expanded clay blocks
A veranda for a house with your own hands in the country (the project and photos are described below) made from blocks is excellent for creating a warm room. It is quite durable and can serve as a good basis for building a balcony in the future.
Characteristics of building blocks
The veranda will be made using expanded clay blocks. The house itself is built from the same ones, so they will harmonize perfectly. See below for a table of types and characteristics of such blocks.
| Block type | Dimensions, mm | Density, kg/m3 | Emptiness, % | Strength grade | Frost resistance | Thermal conductivity | Weight, kg | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| four-slit | 390x190x188 | 800-1000 | 40 | m35-m50 | f50 | 0,19-0,27 | 11-14 | |
 | 390x190x188 | 800-1000 | 40 | m35-m50 | f50 | 0,19-0,27 | 11-14 | |
 | 390x190x188 | 800-1000 | 40 | m35-m50 | f50 | 0,19-0,27 | 11-14 | |
 | 390x230x188 | 800-1000 | 40 | m35-m50 | f50 | 0,19-0,27 | 13-16 | |
 | 390x190x188 | 1000 | 20 | m50 | f50 | 0,27 | 14 | |
 | 390x190x188 | 1200 | m75 | f50 | 0,36 | 17 | ||
 | 390x90x188 | 900 | 25 | m35 | not standardized | 0,3 | 6 | |
 | 390x90x188 | 1200 | m50 | not standardized | 0,36 | 8 | ||
The blocks, despite their impressive size, are very light and at the same time heat-resistant, so the closed version of the veranda in the future can be easily insulated without constructing thick layers of insulation or sandwich panels.
The size of the blocks used is 390x190x188mm, quite common and available in any store. If necessary, expanded clay is easily cut into pieces using a grinder and a stone disc. 
Drawing and project
In order not to make mistakes during construction, it is better to think in advance about the design of the veranda for construction with your own hands at the dacha. We work with expanded clay blocks, so a more solid strip foundation is required.
You need to start developing a project by calculating the territory. In this case, a veranda is being built to the country house at the main entrance, so you need to calculate the area next to it.
The distance from the house is 2500mm, the width is 3500mm. The foundation is 500mm high. The height of the wall is 2300mm, with the highest point of the roof being 3060mm. In addition, there will be two doorways, the width of which is 750mm, as well as a window combined with the front door.
The roof will be sloped, one part is attached to the house, the other - to the erected walls. The floor is poured with concrete and in the future it can be covered with any finishing material.
In total, the area of the room will be approximately 4.5 square meters, the construction volume will be about 10 cubic meters, excluding the roof drop. You can see the drawing of the veranda below.
Veranda to the house - project and photo of the actual building Tools and materials
To build a veranda at the dacha with our own hands we will need:
- Expanded clay concrete blocks;
- Cement;
- Sand;
- Gravel;
- Wooden beams and boards;
- Metal profile for roofing.
The amount of expanded clay concrete is calculated depending on the height and width of the wall. We needed approximately 150 expanded clay blocks, including cutting.
Cement is taken at the rate of 1 bag per 2 sq.m., 2.5 parts of sand and 2 parts of gravel are added to it. To save on cement, old concrete blocks will be laid inside, which will allow the entire volume to be filled faster.
You don't have to buy sand - if you have old, unsifted sand, you can clean it using a similar sieve. 
Any metal mesh with small cells, nailed to a box of boards, will help out perfectly and make the old sand “newer.”
For formwork, you can use any more or less even boards that are suitable for creating a flat surface. You will need one board, 50x150mm and 2500mm long, and one beam, 150x150mm. The logs will be 50x150mm in size and approximately 2200mm long.
The metal profile is taken taking into account the surface - in this case it is equal to 14 sq.m.
From the tools we need:
- Concrete mixer;
- Hammer;
- Accurate level;
- Putty knife;
- A circular saw;
- Grinder with a stone saw.
By the way, a circular saw can be replaced with a grinder with wood cutting circles, but a circular saw will give a much more even and accurate cut.
Strip foundation
 | 1. To start construction, you need to dig a ditch. We will dig to the freezing level of 500mm. Taking into account that we will make the height of the foundation 500mm, then such dimensions will be enough for strength. |
 | 2. To speed up the pouring and spend less cement and sand on the work, we will place old concrete pillars inside that are not used anywhere. |
 | 3. After this, you can begin constructing the formwork. It should be approximately 500mm higher than the ditch. Any boards can be used, however, the gaps between them should not allow concrete to pass through, and the surface adjacent to the concrete should be flat. |
 | 4. To prevent the formwork of the future veranda from falling apart, we twist the boards together onto small pegs, and place the resulting panels on supports. They can rest on any solid surface, or be driven into the ground and screwed to the formwork. To get a foundation that is even in width, we will add spacers from small pegs. |
 | 5. As the concrete is poured, the spacers will be removed. After finishing, check everything for evenness using a level. This will create a “trench” into which concrete will be poured. To fix the width of the formwork, the walls can be twisted on top with small planks. This will not allow her to either disperse or collapse. |
 | 6. After this, we begin to pour concrete for the base of the veranda. We remove the pegs as the concrete is poured since they are not needed as part of the future foundation. After complete filling, we level the surface - this is necessary for even laying of expanded clay concrete blocks. In case of rain, it is advisable to cover the wet concrete, otherwise it may absorb excess liquid. After the concrete has hardened, the formwork must be removed. |
Monolithic slab as a floor
During the construction of the veranda, the option of a completely poured concrete floor was chosen, which allows you to put any covering on top.
 | 7. First, you should raise the floor. For this, either old concrete floors or ordinary soil, which should be compacted very tightly, are suitable. With a house foundation height of 700mm, it is necessary to raise the floor approximately 400-450mm from the ground. After this, the surface is covered with cellophane to insulate it from moisture. |
 | 8. For strength, any reinforced mesh is laid out on the floor of the veranda. To save money, you can use old bed frames or mattress springs - they are no worse. The most used places – the entrances – need to be strengthened especially firmly. |
 | 9. After this, the mixture is started and the floor is filled with it approximately 5-7mm. |
 | 10. After finishing the mixture, it must be allowed to dry for one day. You can level it with a wide spatula or any flat and smooth board. |
 | 11. For convenience, the step will be flooded. We separately assemble a reinforced frame for it. |
 | |
 | 13. Fill with more liquid concrete. This step will last for decades! After it dries, we advise you to pave it. |
Laying expanded clay concrete blocks
After the floor is ready, you can begin laying the walls of the veranda. In this case, it was done the other way around, however, it does not make any difference, but it will be more convenient to work with the field already made.
 | 14. Before starting work, it is necessary to apply waterproofing. For this purpose, a special mastic made of bitumen and rubber was used. |
 | 15. A layer of roofing felt is laid on top, which will not allow any moisture rising from the ground to pass through. If you don’t have mastic, you can use regular tar or bitumen - they are no worse in effect. They must be laid in an even layer, since excess pieces do not allow creating an even laying. |
 | 16. Before fixing the blocks with the mixture, they should be placed on the foundation and tried on. You can stretch a thread along the edges of the corner blocks - it will show the border of the masonry. |
 | 17. After fitting and alignment, you can begin laying the blocks. The masonry must be checked according to the level that is placed between adjacent blocks. The mixture for expanded clay concrete blocks is mixed, if possible, in a concrete mixer - quite a lot of it is required in volume, and it is undesirable to be distracted once again by tedious work. If necessary, the amount of mixture under the block is added, or excess is removed. |
 | 18. Once ready, the masonry should be allowed to dry. The top layers and the mixture absorb moisture well, therefore, to speed up the process and protect them from the weather, you need to cover them with cellophane. |
Veranda roof truss system
 | 19. To install the rafters, you will need one rectangular beam and one square one. First, the timber is attached to the side of the house. |
 | 20. Using a hammer drill, holes are made in the beam and wall. When working with a beam, you need to use the drilling mode, and with the wall of the house - a combined mode. After drilling, you need to hammer in the dowels. It is enough to use 200-300mm dowels, which are strengthened with a hammer. |
 | 21. After this, the veranda beam is strengthened with additional corners. |
 | 22. The next step is to lay the timber on the wall pillars. The beam together with the wall is drilled to 300-400mm. |
 | 23. A metal pin is driven in. You can buy it in a store, or make it from scrap materials, for example, a piece of an old lever from a car. |
 | 24. Next, the rafters are laid out on which the roof will be supported. They must be laid out at intervals of 150-250mm, otherwise the roof may collapse under the weight of the snow. |
 | 25. The rafters are secured using self-tapping screws or nails. |
Rafters can be treated with impregnation and antiseptic - this way they will last much longer and will not require replacement.
Sheeting and roof painting
 | 26. For the roof of our small veranda, a metal profile is used - to begin with, it is lined across the entire roof so that it is convenient to measure and, if necessary, cut. |
 | 27. You also need to make sure that there is a margin at the edges that prevents water from getting onto the rafters. The next sheet is screwed on top of the previous one, forming an overlap that will protect the veranda from rain and wind. |
 | 28. To refresh the appearance of the sheets, the roof can be additionally painted with enamel or nitro paint. |
 | 29. When choosing a color, you need to take into account the primary paint on the roof - white colors will require several layers to completely settle on darker ones. After this, the frame of our cozy veranda itself will be ready for cladding, inserting windows and, if necessary, insulation. |
Video of the construction of a closed veranda
More details, as well as a description of the process, can be seen in these videos. Special thanks to the creator of the presented videos for relevant and useful information!
The first part is the foundation:
The second part is the walls and floor:
The third part is the roof:
How to avoid defects during construction
Construction is invariably associated with errors; they must be eliminated or minimized in every possible way.
Approximately half of all defects are associated with uneven areas. Masonry that was not checked for level and came out skewed is short-lived and will quickly crack, and unaligned beams will transfer the curvature to the roof. 
To avoid this, be sure to use a level and a square. The first will allow you to create a flat surface relative to the ground, and the second will allow you to make even 90-degree angles.
Don’t be afraid of preliminary calculations - accuracy will help you save material and get rid of defects in buildings. When working with masonry and wood, we must not forget the usual laws of mathematics - the dependence of the sides on the angles of a triangle and calculations of the area and volume of geometric figures. Even despite the famous phrase of Albert Einstein. 
The tool also plays a role, but the dependence here can be traced not on its cost, but on the quality and skills of the master. A good metal plane will serve much better than a cheap electric one, and it’s not a fact that an expensive one will be much better than it.
How to insulate a veranda
You can only insulate a closed veranda - for an open one it makes no sense. The degree of insulation required depends on the region. For example, for the Crimea and the Krasnodar Territory, where the temperature rarely drops below zero, ordinary compacted polypropylene placed under the walls, ceiling and floor is sufficient. 
Colder regions require warmer solutions - foam sheets, penoplex, felt and other materials. When insulating, it is not so much the thickness that is important, but rather the absence of “bare” areas and holes in the walls. All surfaces need to be insulated, from ceiling to floor.
Also, with a strip foundation, you need to make sure that there are no holes in it - the cement itself creates a good air cushion that needs to be protected from the cold.
There are a huge number of materials for laying floors - linoleum, decking boards, tiles, rubber coating and others. It all depends on your preferences and design decisions, however, there are some features of the materials. 
Tiles are always much cooler than linoleum or decking, but they are extremely resistant to all types of wear and tear. Linoleum sometimes tears easily, but it is much warmer. Everything is dictated by the characteristics of your home and region, as well as whether the veranda is open or closed.
Also, do not forget about the possibility of painting the floor covering. Paint can look very beautiful - for example, rubber paint for concrete surfaces creates a durable and long-lasting coating. The boards can even be painted every year, updating their appearance and preserving them from wear and tear.
How to insert a window into the veranda?
Glazing of the veranda depends on your requirements. To equip you only need a window opening. If desired, you can also glaze an ordinary veranda - high sliding windows with doors will be an excellent design solution for any home. 
The cost of the issue depends on the glass itself. A cheap option is ordinary glass without the ability to open, but this is completely impractical. The complexity of the work is dictated by the features of the veranda - it is much more difficult to insert windows if they were not planned.
Verandas of various types and sizes, purpose and appearance have become a common addition to a country house, a place to relax in the heat and feast on summer evenings. We will tell you how to make a veranda at the dacha in the article, and also consider some features of a legal, technical and architectural nature.
Construction of a veranda
Selecting a view and location
First of all, you must decide for yourself what kind of design you want.
To do this, you need to determine the following points:
- Location of the building relative to the house. As you know, a veranda is attached to the front part of the facade where the entrance is located or to the side of it, but not on the back wall or anywhere else;
- Building dimensions. It should fit well into the overall style of the building and not become too bulky, while it should not be cramped either. Usually the length is made from 4 to 7 meters, and the width from 2.5 to 3.5 meters;
- Construction materials. Everything here is extremely simple: the material of the veranda must match the material of the house, or at least include them in its design. Attaching plastic structures to stone or metal structures to wood is unacceptable due to the obvious inconsistency, if not ugliness;
- Will it be an open or closed structure, will it be heated in the winter or serve only as a summer room?. The question is immediately resolved: “How to close the veranda at the dacha?” - it can be wood or brick, frame structure, glass and other materials that are in harmony with the house and surrounding objects of the site;
- Issue price. This will determine what materials and technologies you can afford, as well as how reliable and durable the structure will be.
As a rule, they make drawings of a veranda at the dacha with their own hands, so the process involved here is not only labor-intensive, but also creative.
Of course, if you are a wealthy person and don’t want to take risks, you can hire an experienced architect or order turnkey construction, but your own is always more expensive and nicer, believe me.
Open or closed type is also easy to determine - it depends on the frequency or consistency of your stay in a country house. If it is constant or on the principle of “back and forth in winter and summer,” then it is better to build a closed and warm room, but if you see the site only in the summer, then choose the open summer option.
Important!
Before starting construction, it is better to coordinate any extension with the competent authorities and re-register the house.
Legal aspect
Of course, the sonder team will not come to you the next day and will not demand an ausweiss, but if you eventually want to rent it out, give it to someone as a property, sell or donate your house, the extension will have to be registered, only through a fine and in a less acceptable way.
First of all, with ready-made sketches, they contact the design organization, which draws up a project plan and approves its feasibility.
Next, you should write a statement about your desire to build a structure, take a passport, documents for ownership of the house and land, as well as a previously approved project, and visit a number of organizations that are involved in real estate registration in your region.
Important!
Your application will be considered, and only after a positive resolution is made, you can safely begin construction.
Who, how and from what it will be done does not affect the documents, the fact itself is important.
Construction of a wooden veranda
- We make a columnar foundation for the veranda at the dacha. To do this, in the corners of the structure, as well as at a distance of 1.5 m, we dig holes 70–100 cm deep, make formwork, install reinforcement and concrete pillars, the height of which should be approximately 30 cm below the foundation of the house itself. Don't forget about concrete waterproofing;
- From timber 100x100 or 150x150 cm we make the bottom frame of the posts around the perimeter, and if the length and width are large, then you can make an internal beam, or two, crossing them in the middle. Fastening to concrete through half-wood roofing felt with anchor bolts;
- From 100x100 cm timber we place corner posts, posts near the doorway, and also at a distance of 1.5 meters along the entire perimeter of the structure, the height of the posts is such that the edge of the veranda roof is several centimeters lower than the edge of the house roof for the slope angle. We fasten it with steel angles and self-tapping screws, you can make a cut and “plant” it on nails;
- Then from the same timber we make an upper frame, which will connect the outer perimeter of the extension in one line and make the frame strong and monolithic;
- We sew up the walls with clapboard, taking into account the window openings, from the inside of the vernade with cotton wool or polystyrene foam, and also sew up with clapboard. We install double-glazed windows and hang the door;
- Along the top trim we fill a system of logs from 150x50 boards, make lathing and lay the roofing pie;
- We decide how to cover the floor on the veranda at the dacha (terrace board, concrete screed, etc.) and install it. Next we move on to finishing and painting.
By building a veranda, you can make your home more beautiful and unique, as well as expand its usable area. But how to build it? The easiest way is to add a veranda to the housing project before construction begins - in this case, it will have a common foundation with the house and will be stronger.
However, if such an opportunity was missed, do not be upset, since it is absolutely possible to attach a veranda to the house after its construction is completed - you just need to study the technology of work and learn all the subtleties of the process. How to build a veranda correctly?
Veranda design
The first stage of any construction is the creation of a project; This stage is also important when constructing such a relatively simple structure as a terrace. You can draw up a detailed construction plan yourself using various software. However, if you do not have special education, it is better to contact a design office for professional help.
Plan of walls and partitions of the first floor
Design can be divided into several separate stages.
Choosing a veranda type
A veranda attached to a house can have a very different look. All such structures can be divided into two types:
You can choose any option - the main thing is that the terrace fits organically into the overall exterior of the house and becomes its logical continuation.
Thematic material:
The form of construction also varies. The simplest and most affordable option is a regular rectangular veranda. A rounded, curved design will be more complex. You can also add polygonal terraces to the house, running along one or several walls or even forming a whole belt around the entire house. It is not at all necessary to build a veranda near the front door, although this seems to be the most obvious solution.
Material selection
As a rule, the veranda is built from the same material from which the house is made: it is better to attach a veranda made of logs or timber to a brick building or a wooden house. However, you should not rely on design compliance alone. Another important criterion when working is how difficult the construction of the veranda will be.
It is the easiest thing to build - an object made from it can be easily processed, the material allows you to easily implement many design ideas. You can also simply and inexpensively create a structure from modern materials: WPC, PVC, polycarbonate. To attach a concrete or metal veranda to a house, you will most likely need the help of specialists in various fields.
Construction site analysis
One of the most important tasks when designing a terrace is studying the technical nuances and bringing the characteristics of the future building into line with the conditions of the area. Several factors will affect the quality and durability of the structure:
- soil type;
- the condition of the building wall to which the veranda is planned to be attached;
- climatic conditions in the region.
The maximum mass of the terrace, the complexity of the foundation, the need for insulation, and much more depend on these parameters.
Documents receiving
This point is very easy to lose sight of if all the work on building a terrace from start to finish is done independently. The veranda design and other technical documentation will help you obtain permission to change the design and technical certificate of the house. By law, construction approval is required by the following authorities:
- local government;
- fire safety authorities;
- sanitary and epidemiological station.
It seems that since the built house and land are your property, you are free to do whatever you want with them - including adding a terrace. However, without all the permits and a documented project, the terrace will be legally considered an illegal extension to the house. This will make it impossible to sell the object, donate it, or exchange it; It will also be impossible to get a bank loan using the house as collateral.
Construction of the foundation
Once the project is completed and all permits have been obtained, the actual construction work can begin. And their first part is the construction of a high-quality and reliable foundation. How to do this part of the building correctly?
The main requirement is this: the base of a closed or open veranda attached to a private house must correspond in its technical characteristics to the foundation of the main building. First of all, its depth should be the same. If this requirement is not met, when the air temperature drops due to uneven deformation of materials, parts of the house will separate, and a gap will appear between the terrace and the wall.
Attaching a new foundation to an old one is done in different ways, depending on how long ago the house was built.
- A new house is usually in the process of shrinking, so a rigid connection will lead to the destruction of a less durable structure - most likely it will be a terrace. In this case, the veranda is built using the tongue-and-groove method - it will slide around the house as if on rails, and the difference in shrinkage rates will not harm the structure in any way.
- If the house has been standing for a long time and the shrinkage has completed, a rigid connection of the terrace to it is allowed. In this case, a gasket made of waterproofing material (for example, roofing felt) is used and the joint is treated with polyurethane foam.
It will not be possible to make the foundation unified if the terrace was not conceived at the design stage of the house, but nevertheless, you should try to combine the bases of the veranda and the house as efficiently as possible.
The type of foundation is selected depending on the design features of the terrace, primarily its mass, as well as the type of soil.
Formation of flooring
Whether the planned veranda is closed or its main attribute is complete openness, in any case the floor of the terrace must be durable, warm and protected from destruction.
Most often, even if the rest of the veranda is made of concrete or brick, the floor is made of wood. This is due to both the practical and aesthetic properties of this material:
- wood prevents heat from escaping into the ground;
- it is durable;
- wood is completely safe for health;
- such a floor practically does not require decorative treatment, since the material itself is very beautiful - you just need to cover it with a layer of varnish to protect it from damage.
The floor on the finished foundation is built in the following order.
All wooden elements of the veranda must be treated with antiseptic and antibacterial impregnations. This will protect the terrace floor from rotting, damage by fungi and other microorganisms, significantly extending its service life.
Walling
Walls, unlike the floor, are an optional attribute of attached verandas. Instead of them, it is quite possible to build a regular one. The veranda may not have any fencing at all - some projects for adding a veranda to the house involve the use of plants and hedges as a fence. If you plan to make full-fledged railings, walls and roofing, the next stage after the formation of the floor will be the construction of the frame.
A lightweight wooden frame is made like this.
- Along the perimeter of the floor, beams are laid, connected to each other with a direct lock. Grooves should be made on them for attaching the racks in increments of about 50 cm.
- The racks are fixed in the grooves using metal brackets.
- The top of the racks is tied with timber.
- We make rafters for the roof.
A lightweight metal frame is erected in a similar way. If the foundation allows, the frame can be made of concrete or brick. The thickness of the load-bearing structural elements may differ from the characteristics of the walls of the main house. Roof supports must be at least 1.5 bricks thick, fence posts must be 125 mm thick.
Terrace walls can be finished using a variety of materials:
- wooden or plastic lining;
- metal siding;
- beam;
- decorative brick and much more.
The main thing is compliance with the appearance of the house.
The walls of the veranda must be connected to the wall of the house in the same way as the foundations of the structures. For this purpose, steel embedded elements are used. They are fixed in the main wall using deep holes, and in the wall structures of the terrace they are laid at the construction stage and secured with cement-sand mortar.
If the veranda is made open, railings are erected instead of walls. They can also be made from wood, metal, WPC, brick or concrete. This type of fence consists of posts, balusters and railings.
Roofing
The roof of the terrace can be removable, but it is better to securely fasten it to the frame if you plan to build a durable veranda. Like the floor, the main part of the roof is made of wood. The reliability and durability of the structure depend on how accurately the construction technology is followed.
The main terrace is a rafter system consisting of wooden beams and sheathing made of boards. The purpose of this system is to hold the roofing material in place and withstand external influences - for example, precipitation pressure. Therefore, a lot depends on the quality of the rafters.
First of all, the rafters are treated with antiseptic agents. Next, the following work is done.
After all the main elements of the veranda have been completed, all that remains is to make a few finishing touches - do the interior decoration, carry out electrical wiring and, if necessary, heating, and install lounge furniture.
The listed construction work is only the basic part of the technology that any veranda extension requires. The remaining elements - stairs, decorative elements - are made in accordance with the project. Having built the main parts of the terrace, you can probably easily cope with the additional ones.
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Relaxing in the fresh air should bring satisfaction from contemplating the surrounding landscape, feeling the warm rays of the sun and the blow of a light breeze. You can create comfortable conditions for a pleasant time in nature with the help of a terrace or veranda, photos of which will become a source of inspiration for many. In today's review we will talk about the fundamental differences between these two structures, methods of arranging and decorating beautiful verandas and terraces for the house (a photo selection is presented at the end of the article). Happy reading!
Option for an open terrace at the dacha
It is necessary to immediately define the concepts - a terrace and a veranda are conceptually different from each other. This is also evidenced by the origin of the names themselves - the Latin word “terra”, which is translated as “earth”, indicates that the terrace can be a landscaped open area located at some distance from the main building. It can be laid with natural stone, paving stones, wood or a material that replaces it. Such a terrace can be arranged under the canopy of a spreading tree to provide shade on sunny days. It can be located above the terrace. Such a platform can be arranged in close proximity to the house, at the exit from the living room, kitchen or bedroom. It is possible to glaze such a platform, for example, with frameless sliding structures.
Important! The terrace is an independent structure; it can be located either on the ground or on a separate raised base.
The veranda has a common foundation with the main building and a roof. It cannot stand alone - this is its main difference from the terrace. The veranda is a continuation of the main building; more often it has glazing on all sides, with the exception of the one adjacent to the house. Depending on the type of glazing, the room can be used only in warm weather or year-round.
Roof terrace of a private house
Modern architecture has given birth to a new trend - exploitable roofing. This implies the rational use of the roofs of multi-storey and private buildings, and not only for residential purposes. This could be a utility block with a recreation area on the roof.
When designing a roof terrace, it is necessary to take into account many specific nuances:
- Particular attention is paid to the top coating, which must withstand environmental influences - precipitation, as well as evaporation of moisture from the interior. Therefore, it is important to perform high-quality hydro- and vapor barrier of the coating.
- It is necessary to take into account the load from the roof terrace structure - decking and waterproofing pie.
- It is important to have a slight slope to organize moisture removal. Usually it does not exceed 3°, so it is not felt and does not cause discomfort.
- Be sure to install it near the bottom of the deck floor. They may look like drain funnels built directly into the floor.
- The canopy and enclosing structures will protect from wind, heat and precipitation, but it is desirable that they be light in weight. For these purposes, you can use frame (aluminum) glazing, made of moisture-resistant fabric, or remote-controlled sliding systems, which, if necessary, extend over the platform.
- It is important to ensure safety conditions, therefore a strong, reliable fence must have a height of at least 90 cm from the level of the terrace floor. And if there are children in the house, then it is advisable to make it solid or with vertically located slats, the distance between which does not exceed 15 cm. Alternatively, you can build up the walls of the house to a height of 1-1.5 m above the floor level.
Photos of glazed verandas and terraces to the house
The peculiarity and main advantage of a glazed veranda lies in the versatility of the room. In addition to the fact that it is reliably protected from wind, precipitation, dust, insects and noise, the functionality of the space increases, which can be used year-round, depending on the chosen glazing method.
Important! The glass veranda acts as a gateway between the street and the interior of the house, increasing its energy efficiency in the winter.
In principle, glazing is divided into warm and cold. Warm ensures the use of the veranda in winter as an additional living space and is carried out using a metal-plastic system, insulated wooden frames or an aluminum profile with multi-chamber double-glazed windows. PVC systems are heavy, and wooden frames are more demanding to maintain and cost much more. On the other hand, PVC systems will not be able to create optimal microclimatic conditions compared to natural wood.
The advantage of aluminum warm glazing is that such a design will be lightweight. The profile itself is thinner than PVC, so there will be more natural light in the room. Another plus is the sliding opening system, which saves free space.
With cold glazing, comfortable operating conditions for the veranda will be provided only during the warm period; the rest of the time it can be used as a closed one.
There are several types of cold glazing, each of which has its own pros and cons.
| Type of cold glazing | pros | Minuses |
|---|---|---|
| Frame (wood, aluminum) | It has low cost. It is easy to transport due to the small size of the individual fragments. The design is highly maintainable due to the ability to replace individual elements. You can do the work yourself. | It is impossible to create a structure of an original shape |
| Frameless | This type of glazing allows you to create structures of any shape with a panoramic effect. It looks stylish and elegant, creating the illusion of maximum open space and natural light. The sliding opening system saves space. | It has no thermal insulation qualities and does not protect against mosquitoes. The seams between the sashes are not airtight, so the structure is blown through and partially allows cold air and moisture to pass through. It has a high cost. |
| Partial when there are blank walls | Small glazing area and, accordingly, its cost. Maintainability of individual elements. | Restricted view and visual “merging” of the veranda with the main building |
| Panoramic | A free-standing terrace blends into the surrounding landscape as much as possible, while being reliably protected from external influences. | The interior space is visible from the street. High cost of construction. |
| Roofing | The glazed roof enhances the effect of unity with nature and significantly increases the illumination of the room | High cost of construction and the need to attract specialists |
Choosing the style of verandas and terraces attached to the house: photo examples
The design style of a terrace or veranda is chosen in accordance with the main building and its interior. Popular styles include the following:
- When decorating a space in a country style, they use rough-hewn, forged fencing elements, a simple shape, and a rough texture of textiles.
- Delicate pastel colors, upholstered furniture and textiles with floral prints are emphasized by the artificially aged surfaces of wooden and elegant wrought iron furniture.
- French country or Provence is characterized by natural fabrics and wooden furniture. An abundance of decorative textiles in floral or checkered patterns. pastel, white, lavender, beige, pinkish, bluish tones predominate.
- Modern interiors have an atmosphere of minimalism - a maximally open, bright space with a minimal set of furnishings and decor. The color scheme is restrained, including no more than two colors, the third can be in the form of several accents.
- The Mediterranean style is similar to minimalist, with lots of natural light, white wall trim, and natural wood flooring. Large floral arrangements serve as decoration. The floor can be laid with Italian tiles with ornaments. The furniture is light, wicker rattan.
Photos of verandas and terraces attached to the house demonstrate a variety of ways to style them.
What are terraces and verandas made of?
The material for the construction and extension of the veranda and terrace to the house (the photos demonstrate this perfectly) should be selected in such a way that it is harmoniously combined with the main structure and the surrounding landscape. In addition, it must be durable, reliable and environmentally friendly. There are several types of building materials that are most often used for the construction of this kind of buildings.
Wooden structures
They prefer to use natural wood because of its many positive qualities:
Disadvantages include the flammability of the material and the need to protect it from moisture.
Transparent terraces and verandas made of polycarbonate
Lightweight structures are built using polycarbonate, which is used to create fences and canopies. This material is quite durable and is not afraid of too high or low temperatures. Has an affordable price. Such fences allow maximum natural light through while protecting from ultraviolet rays. The material is available in a wide range of shades, which allows you to choose the right option for any structure. This material will be a budget alternative to expensive frameless glazing.
Brick and other block materials
Capital extensions and free-standing structures are made of block materials. The designs are distinguished by the following characteristics:
If, after the construction of a building, it is planned to subsequently finish it with another material, then preference should be given to less expensive materials. For example, blocks made of cellular concrete. This includes expanded clay blocks. Their advantage lies in their light weight and dimensions exceeding the size of traditional bricks. Thanks to this, construction occurs much faster, and less material and effort are consumed.
Related article:
What finishing materials are used
An important role is given to the interior decoration of the veranda, as it should be conducive to comfortable relaxation, pleasing to the eye and not require frequent renovation. If the room is not heated, then special attention is paid to the ability of finishing materials to withstand temperature changes and humidity.
The main types of finishing materials and their properties are briefly presented in the summary table below:
| Type of finish | Finishing area | Description of material |
|---|---|---|
| Natural wood | Walls | Lining is used as a wall finishing material. It has an aesthetic appearance, is easy to install, and does not require careful preparation of the base. Can be used for exterior decoration |
| PVC panels | Moisture-resistant material recommended for closed verandas. It has a wide range of shades and simulated textures. It is distinguished by quick and simple installation on the lathing, which allows you to insulate the walls. Does not require renovation or additional finishing, is easy to maintain, does not absorb odors and dirt | |
| MDF panels | Used for interior work in heated rooms. Fastening occurs along the sheathing. They have an aesthetic appearance and can imitate any type of wood and other textures | |
| Plaster | Can be applied to any substrate, does not burn or support flames | |
| Siding | For exterior wall decoration. The material is practical, reliable, durable, and has a low cost. Can imitate natural wood (block house, vinyl lining). Does not rot, is not afraid of temperature changes, is easy to care for | |
| MDF, Lining | Ceiling | Used to create a false ceiling indoors. Allows for additional insulation of the structure |
| Drywall | GKLV is used for constructing false or suspended ceiling structures with subsequent finishing with various materials depending on the operating conditions of the room | |
| Wood | Floor | Plank flooring looks natural, is inexpensive, but requires careful maintenance |
| Laminate | It has a long service life, is resistant to abrasion loads, is low maintenance and easy to install. Used in closed, heated rooms | |
| Porcelain tiles | Used in open areas. Strong, durable, has an aesthetic appearance, and is not afraid of serious loads and environmental influences - sun, precipitation | |
| PVC tiles | Material based on vinyl and quartz sand with a polyurethane binder. It is durable and wear-resistant. Moisture and UV resistant | |
| Linoleum | Recommended for indoor heated rooms, as it is not resistant to temperature changes. | |
| Self-leveling floor | Allows you to obtain a monolithic, flat surface. Ideal covering for open terraces. | |
| Decking or decking board | Outwardly it looks like natural wood, but has increased performance properties, as it contains polymers. Ideal for open terraces - does not slip, is not afraid of mechanical stress, is durable, retains heat, is moisture resistant, does not rot or deform. |
How to choose a project for adding a terrace or veranda to your house
The construction of any object begins with. This also applies to a do-it-yourself veranda or terrace attached to a house. Projects, photos of which can be seen on specialized websites on the Internet, serve as confirmation of how important it is to take into account the architecture of the main structure and the features of the surrounding area.
The project must provide for the following nuances to make the summer cottage functional:
- Orientation of the extension relative to the main building and to the cardinal points.
- Her place is on the site.
- Closed or open type of structure.
- Entrance location.
- Functional purpose of the design.
- Type of construction and finishing materials and their quantity.
- Type of glazing, if any, ventilation methods and interior design of the room.
Article
A veranda in a private house is a covered terrace, which is often added to the house with your own hands. It is located along the main wall and is a room without heating, for a pleasant pastime in the summer season. You can often find modern terraces with glazing; you can stay in them in any weather. When making it with your own hands, it is necessary to respect the overall ensemble of a country house or country house, maintain a uniform style and use the same materials in construction.
In a country house from logs it is better to make a summer log-shaped terrace located next to the main building. The construction of a veranda in wooden log houses is often carried out together with the construction of the main house and its roof smoothly transitions into the roof of the extension, which has a wall adjacent to the house; a single roofing material is used. In this article we will go through step by step the main points of building two types of terraces: open or closed, with our own hands.
General provisions for constructing a veranda
Modern construction of country houses and country cottages at the design stage involves the construction of a veranda for the house. In order to save money, customers remove the process of constructing extensions in order to further complete it with their own hands. Let's consider the main points that you need to pay attention to from the generalized experience of building terraces yourself.
Parameters by which verandas differ:
- How is it located in relation to the house: corner construction, at the end or along the facade of the house.
- Degree of protection: open or closed (glazed) extension. Using modern materials, you can turn a closed veranda into an open one; this is achieved with sliding doors.
- What type of construction is it made of: built-in - a common foundation with the house or attached - its own foundation.
- Construction shape: rectangle, semicircle, polygon.
Veranda project
We must not forget, when designing an extension to a house, that its purpose is to improve the performance of the main structure: make it spacious, add beauty, comfort. A closed terrace also has the function of improving the thermal performance of the house. For the correct construction of the summer extension structure, you must follow the rules that are indicated in the developed project.
What does the project consist of:
- We determine where in the main house we will add a veranda. The main aspect is maintaining the aesthetic perception of the entire architecture of your own home together with the veranda. Important! Experts recommend setting up a veranda in regions with high summer temperatures on the western or eastern side of the main house. It will be less exposed to direct sunlight.
- It is necessary to indicate the location of the entrance to the terrace (veranda). The entrance from the outside and the entrance from the house are indicated. You can make a through passage through the veranda when the door to the house is opposite the entrance to the veranda; this method is not recommended, as there is a risk of drafts.
- We select the type of doors and their installation location.
- We determine the total size of the summer room located along the house. The length is often taken equal to the length of the wall along which the veranda is built. The width is usually taken in the range from 3 meters to 7 meters, the main thing is to maintain the proportion. When choosing the dimensions of the veranda, we relate them to the overall dimensions of the house in order to maintain a single ensemble of the exterior of the building.
A good example of building a veranda with your own hands, when the design is done at the design stage of the entire house.
Let's go through step-by-step construction of a veranda in a wooden house with our own hands. It should be noted that an extension to the house can only begin after it has completely settled. Log houses, or those made of timber, are actively shrinking over the course of three years; during this period it is better not to build an extension, otherwise the walls may warp. For those who don't want to wait, experienced builders recommend building a transitional porch structure with the house that allows the frame to play.
How to start construction?
Home reconstruction must be reflected in permitting documents. To obtain these permits, you must contact the regional architecture department and submit the following documents:
- The right to own a plot of land (the land on which the house stands).
- Design documentation of the main structure.
- Written consent of all registered residents in the house for reconstruction and addition of a veranda.
- Application from the developer for registration of an extension.
It is advisable to start drawing up documents for a construction permit 3-4 months before the start of work. From the general experience of private developers, this is a lengthy procedure.
You can build an extension without permits, but in this case problems may arise when the house becomes an inheritance or you want to sell it. The reason is the change in the total area of the house, since the veranda is part of it, and the total area of the residential building is taken into account with it. The BTI department may view this as an unauthorized decision to increase the area for housing. This is especially true when the terrace is closed and heated.
There is no need to get carried away and make deviations in the dimensions of the terrace, which are indicated in the project. A simple check will easily reveal this, and a fine will follow with adjustments to the documentation. For what unauthorized developers can expect to add verandas to the house specified in the law of the Russian Federation.
Preparing for construction, choosing material
After determining the construction site of the veranda, it must be prepared. The construction site begins along the selected wall, so before starting all work you need to:
What tools and materials will we need?
When making a wooden extension with your own hands, Tool you will need:
- Having construction skills you need: a hacksaw, an ax.
- Power tools: sledgehammer, hammer.
- Marking: tape measure, plumb line, level, marking cord, corner.
- For the foundation: shovel
If a metal frame is being made, a welding unit and a grinder with a disk for cutting metal are additionally prepared. This type of frame is considered the most economical for building an extension.
It will look better brick veranda or wooden. Important! Make sure that the materials of the extension and the main house match.
A wooden summer extension requires the following material:
- Lumber: beams, logs, boards, slats.
- Elements of wooden fasteners.
- Mixtures that perform protective functions for wood.
- Construction material: crushed stone, concrete.
- You will need drying oil and roofing felt.
- Choosing the material for the roof of the veranda.
- Window and door systems.
In the design of an additional room for summer recreation, using metal corners instead of wooden materials metal profile is used, compositions for metal processing.
For a better view, you can make an extension (walls and roof) from polycarbonate, the panorama will be complete and clear. The positive properties of this material include the ability to retain heat well; it can be used for walls and roofs.
Advice! Materials that will be used in construction and that require pre-treatment must undergo this process first before construction.
The first thing you need to do is determine the type of foundation for your veranda. A popular type is columnar foundation, since it is not tied to the foundation of capital construction (house). If the veranda is being built for a long time and thoroughly, it needs a strip foundation.
Before making a foundation, you need to refer to the house construction documents, which indicate what soil it stands on; you can choose from this type of foundation for an extension. Parameters to pay attention to:
- What is the soil's ability to absorb moisture?
- What is the composition of the soil at the site where the veranda is being built?
- To what depth does the soil freeze in the region where you live?
- How close to the surface is groundwater?
- General provisions for soil stability.
When choosing the type of foundation for the veranda, we pay attention to the foundation of the main building, its design, and the condition of the load-bearing walls. After choosing the foundation, it is done marking on the soil for further work.
Advice! A small wooden veranda will sit quite well on a columnar foundation at the corners of the extension. For wide and long verandas, the installation of pillars is used at intervals of 600 millimeters along the length and width of the extension.
Columnar foundation, how to make it?
The foundation (foundation) for an extension is just as important as for the main house; it must be made of high-quality material. Work order:
- We dig holes for the pillars to a depth of at least 100 centimeters; its depth cannot be less than the depth of the foundation under the main building. The level of soil freezing is taken into account; the hole should be deeper than this level.
- At the bottom of the dug holes we make a cushion, this is a mixture of sand and crushed stone. The pillow can be made in layers, sand, crushed stone.
- Fill the pillow with concrete.
- We lay out support columns from brick when the main house is brick. If the main house is wooden, wooden beams are used as columns. Metal supports or asbestos pipes are used in columnar foundations for a frame veranda.
The veranda looks beautiful when it is on the 2nd floor level of the house. In this case, the ground part of the extension support is laid out at the level of the main foundation under the house. When a house with a high base is recommended, the veranda should be built according to its level.
Making a strip foundation
It is used if a heavy veranda with glazing is planned. To equip it, a trench is dug along the perimeter of the future veranda and formwork is installed. It is placed a little higher than it is planned to fill the foundation with concrete.
After pouring the foundation with concrete, it is periodically moistened with water until it is completely formed; this is necessary for uniform hardening of the foundation.
Making a veranda frame
For a wooden house, the frame of the veranda begins with laying the timber on supports in the lower frame. In the corners we use a “dovetail” for cuts, it’s better this way join timber at corners. For reliability, nails are used; dowel fastening is possible.
Timber for a wooden veranda is used with a cross-section: 100x100 or 180x80 millimeters. When logs are used in the harness, their cross-section should not be larger than 120 millimeters. The supports near the wall are made higher than the rest to form a pitched roof. When the frame is mounted, horizontally installed beams are the basis for the window sill, if glazing is provided. The top trim completes the installation of the veranda frame; it is the basis for the rafters and creates rigidity for the entire system.
Temporary spacers must be used to avoid distortion in the frame structure.
Veranda roof
Once they have decided on the material for covering the roof, they begin to install the sheathing on the rafters, which are attached to the top trim.
Structurally for verandas we offer the following types of roofing:
- Single pitch roof. This is a simple design and easy to implement. Requires a slope from the main wall of the house towards the street.
- Gable roof. It is used if the veranda is attached to the end of the house with a narrow side.
- Polygonal roof. Its design is varied, the main thing is to maintain a slope for water drainage.
The rafter system is installed based on the selected material:
- Lathing for metal tiles, slate and ondulin
- Solid decking is made for flexible roofing materials.
Making the floor with your own hands is simple:
- We install the logs on the lower frame of the veranda structure. The distance between the lags is no more than 100 centimeters. We install them perpendicular to the floorboard.
- We cover the logs, checked by level with a floorboard.
If you plan to build open veranda, many agree on installing a floor with a slight slope to allow water to drain. The board is fastened with self-tapping screws, the length of which is twice the width of the board. It is necessary to impregnate the floorboards with a solution that resists the creation of fungal deposits.
Conclusion
Some finishing elements can be carved in a wooden veranda. The placement of furniture on the terrace is of great importance; it will create the interior and add coziness. Flowers and plants will enliven the room and give the feeling of an extension of the residential building.
